Phonatory System Overview, Supportive Framework, and Cartilaginous Framework

sound source

the phonatory system serves as what in the speech cycle

phonation

generation of voiced sound

aeromechanical, acoustic

based on ______________ events, the phonatory system produces ________ products, sounds that can be perceived or heard

phonation

producing voiced sound

non-phonated

producing voiceless sounds

speech

what kind of function is producing voiced and voiceless sounds, modifying vocal pitch and loudness, and influencing voice quality

biological

what kind of function is preventing air from escaping lungs, preventing foreign substances from entering lungs, and expelling foreign substances from lungs

trachea

what structure is the larynx located on top of

cricotracheal membrane and hyoid bone

what two structures provide supportive framework for the larynx

cricotracheal membrane

secures larynx to top of trachea

hyoid bone

located above larynx, attaches to larynx via membrane and ligaments, only bone in body not attached to another bone, suspended in muscular sling

3

how many directions can the hyoid be pulled in

forward and up, back and up, downward

what are the directions the hyoid can be pulled in

main

what group of laryngeal cartilages are these: cricoid, thyroid, arytenoids, epiglottis

minor

what group of laryngeal cartilages are these: corniculate, cuneiform

cartilage

firm, elastic, flexible connective tissue

cricoid

located at top pf trachea via cricotracheal membrane, 2 landmarks called articular facets

landmark

distinct, noticeable feature of anatomical structure

facet

small, flat surface on bone or cartilage for articulating with another structure

articular facet for arytenoids

located posterior superior border of cricoid

cricoarytenoid joint

cricoid articulates with arytenoids

articular facet for thyroid

located lateral surface of cricoid

cricothyroid joint

cricoid articulates with thyroid, allows for shortening and lengthening of vocal folds

thyroid

located just above cricoid and just below hyoid, has four landmarks

4

how many landmarks does the thyroid have

superior cornu, inferior cornu, notch, prominence

what are the landmarks of the thyroid

superior cornu

attaches to hyoid via ligament and membrane, landmark of thyroid

inferior cornu

articulates with lateral facets of cricoid, contributes to cricothyroid joint, landmark of thyroid

notch

prominent slot on top edge of thyroid, landmark of thyroid

prominence

large protrusion below thyroid notch, more noticeable in some adult males than females, landmark of thyroid

arytenoids

two small cartilages shaped like pyramid, located posterior superior border of cricoid, form cricoarytenoid joint

3

how many landmarks does each arytenoid have

apex, muscular process, vocal process

what are the landmarks of arytenoids

apex

superior projection — point of attachment for muscles, capped by corniculate, landmark of arytenoid

muscular process

posterior projection, point of attachment for several muscles, landmark of arytenoid

process

prominence or projection

vocal process

anterior projection, point of attachment for vocal ligament and vocal fold muscles, landmark of arytenoid

epiglottis

located just below thyroid notch on inside of thyroid cartilage, main function is to protect airway, often visible in superior view in living larynx, serves as landmark for front of larynx

vocal ligament and thyroarytenoid muscle

each vocal fold consists of