Module 7 - Neuro

Cerebral Aneurysm

A localized outpouching of a cerebral artery due to a weakening of the artery wall that can lead to a stroke or death.

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A temporary episode of cerebral ischemia resulting in neurologic deficits that resolve within 24 hours, also called mini-strokes.

Increased ICP (Intracranial Pressure)

A condition where there is an increased volume in the cranial cavity that can lead to brain damage.

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by infection leading to swelling and increased ICP.

Encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, often due to infection, resulting in increased ICP and potential brain damage.

Cerebral AV Malformation

Congenital tangle of blood vessels in the brain that can lead to brain hemorrhage and seizures.

Parkinson’s Disease

A progressive condition involving the destruction of dopamine-producing cells in the brain, leading to movement issues.

Myasthenia Gravis

An autoimmune condition where acetylcholine receptors are destroyed, causing muscle weakness.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A progressive disease damaging upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis.

Hydrocephalus

A condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid causes dilation of the ventricles and compression of brain tissue.

Seizure Disorder

Abnormal electrical activity in the brain, leading to transient physical or behavioral alterations.

Dementia

A group of conditions characterized by a decline in cognitive function and motor coordination.

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Also known as stroke, a condition that causes permanent brain damage due to interrupted blood flow.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A sudden and violent blow or jolt to the head that disrupts normal brain function.

Normal Brain vs. Huntington's Disease Brain

In Huntington's, the brain shows signs of atrophy, especially in the basal ganglia, compared to a normal brain.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A condition in spinal cord injury patients above T6 characterized by severe hypertension and reflex symptoms in response to stimuli.

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

A scale used to assess a person's level of consciousness after a brain injury.

Cerebral Contusion

Bruising of the brain tissue often resulting from a blunt blow to the head.

Flaccid (Decorticate) Posturing

A type of abnormal responsiveness seen in patients with severe brain injury characterized by lack of motor function.

Extensor Posturing (Decerebrate)

A type of abnormal responsiveness characterized by extension of the arms and legs, often indicating severe brain injury.

Tension Headaches

A type of primary headache characterized by bilateral pressing or tightening pain.

Migraine Headaches

A type of primary headache characterized by unilateral pulsating pain and sensitivity to light.

Cluster Headaches

A type of primary headache characterized by excruciating unilateral pain around the eye.

Spinal Shock

Temporary suppression of neurological function following spinal cord injury.