Understanding Volcanoes and Earthquake Hazards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to volcanoes and earthquake hazards discussed in the lecture.

Ground Material

The type of substrate that influences the degree of shaking during an earthquake.

Solid Bedrock

The safest ground material for construction with the least shaking during an earthquake.

Poorly Consolidated Sediment

A type of ground material that shakes more during an earthquake.

Water-Saturated Sand/Mud

The ground material that experiences the most shaking during an earthquake.

Mount Saint Helens

Example used to illustrate how volcanic eruptions can be predicted but still lead to fatalities due to human factors.

Divergent Boundaries

Geological boundaries where tectonic plates move apart, typically found at mid-ocean ridges.

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

A prominent divergent plate boundary between the North American and Eurasian plates.

Eyjafjallajökull

Icelandic volcano known for its 2010 eruption which caused significant air travel disruption.

Jökulhlaup

A type of glacial flooding that occurred due to rapid glacier melt during the Eyjafjallajökull eruption.

Tiltmeters

Monitoring equipment used to detect ground tilt, indicating inflation or deflation of a volcano.

Seismic Monitors

Devices that measure earthquake activity to help predict volcanic eruptions.

GPS Stations

Stations that monitor ground movement with high accuracy, aiding in volcanic monitoring.

Carbon-Neutral Volcano

A nickname given to Eyjafjallajökull due to a decrease in jet fuel consumption offsetting carbon emissions.

Inflation and Deflation

Terms used to describe ground movement trends before and after a volcanic eruption.

Earthquake Plot

A graphical representation showing seismic activity over time, providing insights into eruption patterns.