Studied by 5 people
Statistical analysis
________: determines how likely any difference found between the two variables is due to chance (how meaningful are the differences between the two groups ?)
Operational definition
________: a description of how the researcher will measure their variables; helps other researchers interpret the data and repeat the experiment.
Scientists
________ use deductive reasoning to empirically test their hypotheses.
Reliability
________: the ability to consistently produce a given result.
Inter rater
________ reliability: a measure of reliability that assesses the consistency of observations by different observers.Surveys.
Correlation
________ is limited because it tells us little about cause and effect.
Placebo effect
________: when people's expectations or beliefs influence or determine their experience in a given situation; expecting something to happen can actually make it happen.
Sample
________: a subset of individuals selected from a population.
Surveys
________: a series of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be administered as paper- and- pencil questionnaires, electronically, or verbally.
Theory
________: a well- developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena.
Population
________: the overall group of individuals that the researchers are interested in.
acceptable substitutes
Since animals and humans undergo many similar basic processes, animals are ________ for research that would be considered unethical in human participants.
Participants
________: the subjects of psychological research and actively participate in the process.
Validity
________: the extent to which a given instrument or tool accurately measures what its supposed to measure.
Deductive reasoning
________ begins with a generalization (hypothesis) that is used to reach logical conclusions about the real world.
review board
Institutional ________ (IRB): a committee of individuals that review proposals for research that involves human participants; their approval is required in order for the experiment to proceed.
Single blind study
________: one of the groups of participants are unaware which group theyre in (experiment or control) but the researcher knows which participants are in each group.
Deception
________: purposely misleading experiment participants to maintain the integrity of the experiment; the ________ in these cases cant be harmful and the participants must be fully briefed at the conclusion of the experiment.
Hypotheses
________ can be formulated either through direct observation of the real world or after.
blind study
Double- ________: both the researchers and the participants are unaware of which participants are in which group; helps to avid the placebo effect.
naturalistic observation
A benefit to ________ is its accuracy and ability to be universally applied.
Negative correlation
________: the variables move in opposite directions.
Inductive reasoning
________ uses empirical observations to form broad generalizations.
Illusory correlations
________: false correlations that occur when people believe that relationships exist between two things when no such relationship exists.
scientific hypothesis
A(n) ________ is falsifiable, or capable of being shown to be incorrect.
Correlation coefficient
________: a number from- 1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between variables; usually represented by the letter r.
Scientists
________ use inductive reasoning to form theories, which in turn form hypotheses that are tested with deductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning
________: ideas are tested against the empirical world.
Hypothesis
________: a testable prediction about how the world will behave and its often worded as an if- then statement.
Correlation
________: a relationship between two or more variables, but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect; as one variable changes, so does the other.
Naturalistic observation
________ is not limited to research involving humans.
Inductive reasoning
________: empirical observations lead to new ideas.
