liberalism

John Locke (1632-1704)

state

-social contract theory

-rejected the idea of monarchs ruling the state

-argued a true state would be created by mankind to serve there interests

-must be representative and have the consent of the people to govern

John Locke (1632-1704)

human nature

- believed humans in the state of nature where guided by rationalism

-humans are self interested not selfish

John Locke (1632-1704)

society

-society came before the state

-must respect the natural society's and rights

John Locke (1632-1704)

economy

-state policy should respect the right of private ownership

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)

state

-The monarchical state should be replaced by a republic which enshrines women's rights

- can be seen in her book a vindication of the rights of women

-everyone should have a right to vote

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)

human nature

-both genders are equally rational and should be treated as such

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)

society

- argued for formal education to be made for all so women would not be trapped into marriages

- believed society heavily favoured men and wanted to make it equal

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-97)

economy

A free-market economy would help women

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

state

-the state should not intervene with what someone wants to do unless they are causing harm to others (harm principle

-must be careful of representative democracy so it doesn't harm minority's rights

-'tyranny of the majority'

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

human nature

-human nature was never finished there was always room for improvement and for it to change

-humans are fundamentally rational

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

society

-individuality- a good society is one where people can develop who they are and still tolerate others

John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)

economy

-believed in laissez fair capitalism

-vital to help individuals improve

Betty Freidan (1921-2006)

state

-disagreed with violence to get her way and believed a liberal state would be able to achieve equality

-rejected the idea that the state was patriarchal

-legislation should be made to prevent discrimination based on sex

Betty Freidan (1921-2006)

human nature

- believed women thought there human nature determined that they where lesser

-all humans are naturally rational

Betty Freidan (1921-2006)

society

-attitude in society is what condemned women to underachievement

-these views where nurtured by school and religion

Betty Freidan (1921-2006)

economy

-believed in a free market economy if it could help women succeed

John Rawls (1921-2002)

state

- 'a theory of justice' said redistribution of wealth was not socialism

-a enlarged state with higher tax and wealth distruption was needed and aligned with liberalism

John Rawls (1921-2002)

human nature

-humans are rational and empathetic

-would always construct a society where the poorest faired well

John Rawls (1921-2002)

society

-veil of ignorance asked people to construct a society without knowing who they would be in it

-still argued there should be a gap between the rich and poor

-equality of opportunity NOT equality of outcome

John Rawls (1921-2002)

economy

-significant redistribution of wealth

-free market capitalism should be used to aide others