Unit 5: Period 5: 1844-1877

Credit Mobilier Affair

A joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad + gov officials accused of getting bribes.

Polk

Signed an agreement with the British to divide Oregon territory at the 49th parallel.

Fugitive Slave Law

Used to track down runaway enslaved people who had escaped to northern states + return them to the South.

Union General William Tecumseh

Captured of the city of Savannah, Georgia.

New England Emigrant Company

Sent abolitionist and free soiler settlers to Kansas.

Webster Ashburton Treaty

The settled border between US and Canada in regard to Maine.

Douglas

Claimed that "slavery can not exist without slave codes, "territory should just not pass legislation favorable to slaves.

Trent affair

2 confederacy diplomates bound for GB taken by the union.

Aroostook War

Conflict between lumber workers on the Maine- Candian boundary.

Clayton Bulwer Treaty

US and Britain should jointly control and protect the canal soon to be built across the isthmus of Panama.

Popular Sovereignty

Lewis cass proposed that slavery matter be determined by a vote of the people who settled on the territory.

President Abraham Lincoln

Delivered a speech to dedicate the cemetery where Union soldiers killed at the Battle of Gettysburg were buried.

John Brown

Staunch abolitionist that was convicted and hanged.

Republican Ulysses S Grant

Won against Democrat Horatio Seymour in a landslide victory.

Gasden Purchase

President Pierce succeeded in adding a strip of ling to American Southwest for a railroad for $ 10 million.

Nativism

Hostility to these immigrants → sporadic rioting.

Union General Ulysses S Grant

Launched a long campaign to capture the city + Grant besieged Vicksburg, cutting off its supply lines and bombarding it with artillery.

Aroostook War

Conflict between lumber workers on the Maine-Candian boundary

Onstead Manifesto

A declaration (1854) issued from Ostend, Belgium, by the U.S. ministers, stating that the U.S. would be justified in seizing Cuba if Spain did not sell it to the U.S

Walker Expedition

Organized unauthorized military expeditions into Mexico and Central America to est

Free-soil movement

Northern Democrates + Whigs supported the Wilmot Proviso and the position that all African American should be excluded from the Mexican session (whites only)

Popular Sovereignty

Lewis cass proposed that slavery matter be determined by a vote of the people who settled on the territory

Fugitive Slave Law

Used to track down runaway enslaved people who had escaped to northern state + return them to the South

Trent affair

2 confederacy diplomates bound for GB taken by the union

Manifest Destiny

US had the divine mission to extend its power and civilization across North America

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the border of Texas The US took possession of California + New Mexico for $15 million

Kansas Nebraska Act

Contradicted Missouri Compromise

Popular sovereignty instead in Kansas (free) and Nebraska  (slavery)

President Pierce supported

Underestimated opposition in North

Bleeding Kansas

Proslavery border ruffians poured into Kansas and illegally voted

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Supreme Court claimed Congress had **no authority over slavery**

Intensified tensions + further split Democrats sectionally

Election of Lincoln

Led to the secession of many southern states

Crittenden Compromise

Radical plan to gradually end slavery

North characteristics

Against slavery, industrial, railroads, more militia, offensive war

South characteristics

For slavery, agricultural, less militia, defensive war

anaconda plan

Use U.S. Navy to blockade Southern Ports + cutting off essential supplies from reaching the Confederacy

Gettysburg address

Added the moral concept to go against slavery in the war

Freedmen’s Bureau

Congress created the Bureau for Refugees, freedmen, and abandoned lands as an early welfare agency (greatest success in education)

10 percent plan

10 percent of a states voters would have to plead loyalty to the union

15th amendment

prohibited any state from denying or abridging a citizen’s right to vote on the account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (1870 ratification)

Sharecropping

Labor system in which landowners provided land, tools, and supplies to tenant farmers in exchange for a share of the crop they produced.

Common in the South when many African Americans were unable to find work or land of their own

Kept tenant farmers in a cycle of debt and poverty, as landowners charged high-interest rates and manipulated the system to keep their laborers in a state of dependence

Compromise of 1877

Gave the presidency to Rep Rutherford B. Hayes

Removal of federal troops from the South ending Reconstruction and allowing for the rise of Jim Crow laws