patterns oh inheritance

What framework for genetics was established by Johann Gregor Mendel?

Mendel established the principles of heredity through his experiments with pea plants.

What is the difference between dominant and recessive traits according to Mendel?

Dominant traits are expressed in the phenotype when present, while recessive traits are hidden unless two recessive alleles are inherited.

What does Mendel's law of segregation state?

The law of segregation states that alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, ensuring that offspring receive one allele from each parent.

What are the expected phenotypic ratios in a monohybrid cross?

The expected phenotypic ratio in the offspring of a monohybrid cross is approximately 3 dominant: 1 recessive.

What is a Punnett square used for?

A Punnett square is used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.

How does incomplete dominance differ from codominance?

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygote exhibits an intermediate phenotype, while in codominance, both alleles are fully expressed.

What is the principle of independent assortment?

Mendel's law of independent assortment states that genes for different traits assort independently during gamete formation.

Define epistasis in genetics.

Epistasis occurs when one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another gene.

What was the significance of Mendel's choice of pea plants for his experiments?

Pea plants were suitable for Mendel's experiments because they have clear, distinct traits and are capable of true-breeding.

What are the gametes produced by a heterozygous organism?

A heterozygous organism can produce gametes with either allele of a gene.