NUR 371 exam 3

sublimation

an unconscious process of transforming negative impulses into less damaging and even productive impulses

conversion

the unconscious transformation of anxiety into a physical symptom with no organic cause

identification

attributing to oneself the characteristics of another person or group; done unconsciously or consciously

reaction formation

when unacceptable feelings or behaviors are controlled by and kept out of awareness by developing the opposite emotion or behavior

Which of the following are interventions that could be used in a care plan for generalized anxiety disorder?

decrease excessive stimuli; provide a quiet environment

reframe the situation in a positive way

identify what has provided relief in the past

Which of these are components of the HD BS Network mnemonic for schizophrenia?

Negative symptoms

Hallucinations

Delusions

F&B= A pronounced slowing of movement is defined as

**motor retardation**

F&B= The automatic and unconscious process by which we determine what is real and what is not is called

reality testing

An abnormal lack of energy, ________, may result in psychomotor retardation, in which movements are extremely slow, facial expressions are decreased, and gaze is fixed.

anergia

Which of the following are part of the SIGECAPS mnemonic?

Energy

Psychomotor retardation

Suicidality

Interest

Select all the items that are known risk factors for suicide.

Feeling hopeless

Having a family history of suicide

Being chronically ill

Experiencing loss

Which of the the following are symptoms of serotonin syndrome:

tachycardia

seizures

fever

An affect characterized by being reduced in range or intensity is said to be ________

constricted

An affect characterized by reduced or minimal emotional response is said to be________

blunted

________ occurs when a person rapidly moves from one thought to another, making it difficult for other people to follow along.

flight of ideas

Which of the following are characteristics of schizoaffective disorder?

a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode happens at the same time as symptoms that meet the requirements for schizophrenia

the symptoms are not the result of substance use or another medical condition

Important nursing diagnoses related to obsessive-compulsive disorders and related conditions include:

impaired skin integrity

anxiety

risk for self-destructive behavior

________  is reduced motivation or goal-directed behavior.

avolition

The pathological repetition of another person's words is called

 ________

echolalia

________is seen when a person mimics the movements of another.

echopraxia

A condition that occurs when children don't speak because they fear negative responses or evaluations is known as _______

selective mutism

________ or ________ occur when a person assumes unusual or illogical expressions, postures, or positions.

posturing…. gesturing

The misinterpretation of a real experience is known as a(n) ________

illusion

Which of the following are interventions for mild-to-moderate anxiety?

\

encourage the patient to talk about feelings and concerns

ask questions to clarify what is being said

explore behaviors that have worked to relieve the patient's anxiety in the past

________occurs when a person feels unreal or that they have lost a part of their person or identity.

depersonalization

Which of the following are medical causes of anxiety?

asthma

akathisia

hyperthyroidism

Which of the following are required for a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder?

\

the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both

are not attributable to the use of a substance (e.g., an illicit drug or prescription medication)

the obsessions and/or compulsions are time-consuming, cause clinically significant distress, or impairment in different areas of functioning

A person with________delusions believe that someone, godly or mundane, is seeking to harm them in some way (emotionally, financially, physically, etc.).

persecutory

The letters that can be a helpful clue as to whether a medication is a benzodiazepine are

aze

________ occurs when the affect is reduced or constricted.

affective blunting

When a person uses words based on what they represent instead of what they mean, they are using________

symbolic speech

A generalized slowing of thinking represented by delays in responding to questions or difficulty finishing thoughts is known as________

cognitive retardation

A________  affect is seen in someone with an immobile or blank facial expression.

flat

A low-level and less dramatic version of mania generally seen in people with bipolar II disorder is known as________

hypomania

Symptoms and treatments of persistent depressive disorder (PDD), also known as dysthymia, include:

insomnia/hypersomnia

decreased/increased appetite

low-level depression and related symptoms for most days for at least 2 years in adults

Which of the following are characteristics of schizophreniform disorder?

some people with this disorder return to their previous levels of functioning

symptoms have lasted less than 6 months

symptoms identical to those seen in schizophrenia

A(n)affect does not match the actual emotional state or situation.________

inappropriate

Which of the following are symptoms that can contribute to a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD)?

fatigue or loss of energy almost daily

insomnia/hypersomnia almost daily

significant, unintentional weight gain or loss of more than 5% in a month

A person who believes that reality can be changed merely by using thoughts or unrelated actions is using________

magical thinking

Which of the following are required for a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder?

the symptoms cause significant enough distress to impact social, occupation, or other functioning in a significant way

excessive anxiety and worry most days over at least six (6) months about a variety of things

at least three (3) of the following symptoms over at least the last six (6) months: restlessness, fatigue, concentration issues, irritability, muscle tension, sleep issues

________occurs when there is a pronounced decrease or increase in the rate or amount of movement and excessive movement is purposeless.

catatonia

________symptoms include blunted affect, anhedonia, alogia, and avolition.

negative

Thinking of citalopram (Celexa) as Ce-"Lexus" reminds us that we need to order a(n) ________before starting patients on this medication because of the risk of lengthening the ________

electrocardiogram, ECG, EKG…QT, QTc

________ is when a person thinks about death and dying, wishes to be dead, considers how to kill themselves, and/or creates plans to kill themselves.

suicidal ideation

Which of the following are guidelines for counseling people experiencing depression?

help the patient identify current coping skills and explore alternative coping skills

encourage exercise like running or weightlifting

work with the patient to identify cognitive distortions that result in negative self-perceptions

Which parts of the brain are associated with anxiety disorders?

hypothalamus

hippocampus

amygdala

The second most common type of hallucinations in schizophrenia are________ hallucinations

visual

Bupropion (Wellbutrin/Zyban) should be avoided in patients with a history of seizures or bulimia because this medication can lower the ________

seizure threshold

Psychotic symptoms can be induced by which of the following?

neurological diseases

recreational drugs

prescription medications

False beliefs that exist even though there is little/no evidence to support them are known as________

delusions

________is defined as the outward expression of a person's internal state.

affect

Which of the following are the major causes for depression and depression-like symptoms?

cultural beliefs and practices

social environment

neurobiological factors

Which of the following are components of the SURP-rise! mnemonic?

Unexpected

Sudden

Recurrent

Which of the following are interventions for use with people who are severely withdrawn?

use simple, concrete words

when a person is silent, use the technique of making observations

allow time for the patient to respond

Interrupting others or throwing unwanted food on the floor are examples of ________

impaired impulse control

Which of the following are part of the I MURDER? mnemonic?

unwanted

distressing

ego-dystonic

denial

escaping unpleasant, anxiety-provoking thoughts, feelings, wishes, or needs by ignoring them

intellectualization

a process by which events are analyzed based on remote, cold facts and without passion, rather than incorporating feeling and emotion into processing

regression

reversion to an earlier, more primitive and childlike way of being that may or not be reflective of behaviors originally seen in one's childhood

suppression

the conscious (intentional) decision to delay acknowledging a troubling feeling or situation

________happens when a person wanders off topic or goes on tangents without ever getting to the point.

tangentiality

An anti-anxiety medication that affects that is not a benzodiazepine and affects both serotonin and dopamine, is ________ BuSpar

buspirone

________is seen when a person has decreased interest in activities or beliefs that would normally be of interest to them.

apathy

Representing the disordered way that a person processes information, people with________have thoughts that are only loosely connect to one another.

loose associations

Choosing words because of the way they sound instead of what they mean, often involving words that rhyme or have similar starting sounds, is referred to as________

clang association

A tendency to resist or oppose the requests or wishes of others is known as________

negativism

A teaching style discussed by Daniel McCutchen that helps people with emotional regulation issues better learn how to navigate their emotions is known as ________

social emotional learning

The DIG FAST mnemonic for mania includes

Distractibility

Impulsivity

Sleep

Richard Wilkinson proposes that social ________is a major unaddressed cause of anxiety and depression.

inequality

altruism

a mostly unconscious drive to care and be concerned about others as well as act to promote the wellbeing of others

displacement

the transfer of emotions associated with a certain person/object/situation to a nonthreatening person/object/situation

projection

deals with the unconscious rejection of emotionally unacceptable traits and associating them with other people

repression

the unconscious exclusion of unpleasant/unwanted emotions, experiences, or ideas from conscious awareness

Reduction in speech and sometimes known as poverty of speech, is referred to as________

alogia

For duloxetine (Cymbalta), the mnemonics "dull"-oxetine and "dual"-oxetine remind us that this medication affects the neurotransmitters________and ________while also reducing the ________related to fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy, and premenstrual symptoms.

NE…..5HT…. pain… discomfort

Place the sequence of the operational definition of anxiety in correct order from beginning (1) to end (4).

stress

anxiety

relief behavior

effective mediation OR \n ineffective mediation

Which of the following are FDA approved for treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?\`5

fluoxetine (Prozac)

clomipramine (Anafranil)

fluvoxamine (Luvox)

A(n)________affect is odd, illogical, inappropriate, or unfounded.

bizarre

Which of the following should be avoided when taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?

cured meats

avocados

medications containing ephedrine

Which of the following are risk factors for nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)?

Use of NSSI as self-punishment.

Decreased amygdala activity in response to negative images.

Mistreatment by parental figures.

________ symptoms include bizarre behavior, delusions, disorganized speech, and hallucinations.

positive

The components of Beck's cognitive triad include:

a negative, self-deprecating view of self

a pessimistic worldview

the belief the negative reinforcement will continue

Symptoms of anxiety, panic, obsession, and/or compulsion arising from the use of things like alcohol, cocaine, etc., are characteristic of________anxiety disorder.

substance induced

Which of the following are characteristic of hoarding disorder?

the very idea of giving up belongings causes severe distress

indecisiveness

accumulating belongings with little or no value

Important patient education related to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) includes:

common side effects include fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, dizziness, and tremor

may cause anorgasmia and/or lack of libido

liver and renal function tests should be performed and and blood counts checked periodically

Which of the following are interventions useful for treating vegetative signs of depression?

offer small, high-calorie, and high-protein snakes frequently throughout the day and evening

encourage the patient to get up and dress and stay out of bed during the day

encourage the use of a toothbrush, washcloth, soap, makeup, and shaving supplies

A________  is an automatic coping style that protects a person from anxiety and protects self-image by blocking feelings, conflicts, and/or memories.

defense mechanism

Which of the following are true regarding depression in childhood/adolescence and older adults?

Older adults with depression are more likely to die by suicide than younger adults.

Infants can display depressive symptoms.

Adolescents have higher rates of depression than adults.

Losing control, religious concerns, unwanted sexual thoughts, perfectionism, and contamination are all types of ________

obsessions

________is defined as a feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread arising from a real or perceived threat.

anxiety

compensation

use to counterbalance perceived deficiencies by emphasizing strengths

dissociation

a disruption in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment that results in compartmentalizing uncomfortable or unpleasant aspects of oneself

rationalization

consists of justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller and the listener

splitting

the inability to integrate positive and negative qualities of oneself or others into a cohesive image

The most extreme form of associative looseness, where what is said is merely a mess of words that have no meaning to the listener, is called________

word salad

When a person has________patterns, they cannot think abstractly and interpret/perceive things in a literal manner.

concrete thinking

Which of the following psychotherapies have proven effective in treating anxiety disorders?

cognitive-behavioral therapy

behavioral therapy

Which of the following are FDA approved for generalized anxiety disorder in children and adolescents?

duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Telling a patients to avoid aged or cured foods, go to the emergency department if a severe headache develops, and telling the patient to following dietary and drug restrictions for 14 days after discontinuing treatment are all education related to taking________

MAOIs

Which of the following are required for a diagnosis of panic disorder?

symptoms that may include heart palpitations, sweating, nausea, chills, fear of losing control, and fear of dying

the disturbance is not better explained by a another mental health condition

having a panic attack followed by 1 month or more of (a) ongoing concern about having a panic attack and (b) changing behavior to avoid future attacks