1920's and The Great Depression

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Alice Paul

A prominent American suffragist and feminist who played a key role in the women’s suffrage movement.

Flappers

Young women of the 1920’s who embraced a more independent and unconventional lifestyle, challenging traditional gender roles.

Marcus Garvey

Key figure in the Black Nationalist movement, “back-to-Africa”.

United Negro Improvement Movement

A black nationalist organization that promoted racial pride, economic self-sufficiency, and the “back-to-Africa” movement.

Black Star Line

A black-owned shipping company founded by Marcus Garvey in the 1920’s.

Harlem Renaissance

A vibrant cultural movement in the 1920’s-30’s centred in Harlem. Celebrated African American art, literature, music and intellectual life.

Great Migration

The mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North, midwest and west in 1910-1970.

The New Negro

Alain Locke, a movement where African Americans sought to define themselves on their own terms moving past the stereotype of the plantation slave.

18th Amendment

Nationwide Prohibition.

Bootleggers

The illegal production, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Speakeasy

Secret bars or taverns that operated illegally during Prohibition.

Palmer Raids

A series of arrests and deportations of suspected radicals, anarchists, and communists in the U.S. during the 1919-20.

Mitchell Palmer

The 50th U.S. Attorney General (1919-20), orchestrated the Palmer Raids during the Red Scare.

J. Edgar Hoover

Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

Sacco and Vanzetti

Two Italian anarchists who were convicted of robbery and murder in 1921.

National Origins Act

A U.S. law that significantly restricted immigration, particularly from Southern and Eastern Europe and excluding Asian immigrants.

Teapot Dome

A major political scandal during the 1920’s involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves.

Albert Fall

The Secretary of the Interior during the Harding administration.

Fordney-McCumber

A tariff in 1922 that protectionist measure that significantly raised tariffs on imported goods.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1923, international treaty that aimed to outlaw war as a means of resolving disputes between nations.

Radio Evangelism

The use of the radio broadcasts to share religious messages, primarily Christian Evangelism.

Billy Sunday

A prominent radio figure.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 legal case in Tennessee that pitted teaching of evolution in public schools against fundamentalist religious beliefs.

Radio

The technology innovation of broadcasting sounds via radio waves.

Fordism

The system of standardized mass production and consumption, pioneered by Henry Ford.

Electric Appliances

Mass-produced household devices that became increasingly common in American homes during the 1920’s and beyond, filed by the widespread availability of electricity and advancements in manufacturing technologies.

Advertising

The practice of promoting products, services or ideas to a target audience using various media channels to increase sales and brand awareness.

Stock Market

Crashed on october 29, 1929.

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929, the day the New York Stock exchange crashed.

Bonus Army

WW1 veterans who wanted their promised $1,000.

Reconstruction Finance Corp.

U.S. gov. agency established in 1932, provided financial assistance to banks, railroads and businesses.

Hawley Smoot Tariff

Trade policy, June 17, 1930, 60% tariff on Euro countries.

New Deal

The three R’s, relief, recovery, and reform. Created by Franklin D. Roosevelt to address unemployment.

2nd New Deal

1935-1938, focused on establishing a stronger social safety net for Americans and supporting workers rights.

Fireside Chats

A series of informal radio address delivered by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933-1944. These aimed at calming public fear.

20th Amendment

1933, addresses the timing of presidential and congressional terms, moving the start of these terms from March 4 - Jan. 20th for president & vice president, March 4 - Jan. 3 for congress.

21th Amendment

Repealed the 18th Amendment, 1933.

Bank Holiday

A temporary closure of all banks, typically implemented during times of financial crisis, like the Great Depression.

Glass-Steagall Act

1933, separated commercial and investment banking in the U.S.

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, an independent agency established in 1933 to restore confidence in the banking system after the Great Depression.

Securities and Exchange commission

A U.S. gov. agency established in 1984 to regulate the Securities industry and protect investors.

Dust Bowl

A period of severe dust storms that devastated the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930’s.

Okies

Migrant agricultural workers from Southern Plains (primarily Oklahoma), who migrated in California during the Dust Bowl.

Agricultural Adjustment Act

1933, federal law passed during the Great Depression as apart of the New Deal.