Untitled Flashcards Set

What resulted in the evolution of isolated farmsteads in the United States, except for which factor?

A political stability.

In which region is labor-intensive intertillage often practiced?

B Southeast Asia.

According to Carl Sauer, what is true about plant domestication?

B It first occurred in diversified habitats with a variety of species.

What development is predicted by the von Thünen model of land use around cities?

A Large-scale growing of flowers and vegetables in the Netherlands.

Why would farmers plant both strawberries and watermelons in the same field?

E Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields.

What is the essential requirement of lowland rice production?

D Abundant water.

A food assemblage that includes olives, pita bread, cheese, figs, lamb, and wine is most associated with which country?

B Greece.

Why have family farms in North America been replaced by agribusiness farms since the 1980s?

B Agribusiness farms have the resources to take advantage of economies of scale.

Why do land parcels in the American Midwest tend to be rectilinear?

A The federal survey system imposed a geometric pattern on the landscape.

What explains the diffusion and successful cultivation of many plants and animals through the Columbian Exchange?

B The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication.

Why do the Ganges Valley and the Nile Valley have high population densities?

D Intensive agriculture based on irrigation.

What agricultural practice has the most significant long-term environmental impact in tropical regions?

C Burning extensive areas of forested land to create pasture, which decreases biodiversity.

What is the potential impact of rising global temperatures on agricultural regions?

A The wheat belt will shift northward.

What spatial pattern is best explained by bid-rent theory?

A Concentric rings of different agricultural activities surrounding a city.

What describes agricultural products destined primarily for direct consumption by the producer?

C Subsistence agriculture.

What land-survey pattern is indicated in rural agricultural regions of the United States?

A A rural agricultural region in the United States.

Which type of land survey system is shown in the satellite image?

E Township and Range.

During which period were technologies invented that explain land division and cultivation shown in the satellite image?

C Second Agricultural Revolution.

What explains the importance of climate to agricultural practices?

A Midlatitude climates support similar agricultural crops and practices.

How does agriculture practiced in California differ from other Mediterranean regions?

B Farms use more irrigation.

Which pairs of agricultural types occupy the largest percentage of the world's total land area?

D Shifting cultivation and nomadic herding.

What type of agriculture is practiced in the dark-shaded areas on the map?

D Mediterranean.

What do the shaded areas on the map indicate?

C Desertification.

Why is soil salinization a concern in the arid landscape shown?

C Irrigation increases the salt content of the soil.

If coffee bean production patterns were reproduced at the subnational scale, what changes would occur?

C The states in northern Mexico and northern India would not show any production.

How would the pattern of coffee bean production be best described globally?

C Within tropical latitudes.

What is a limitation of the map shown for agricultural production regions?

A The map does not identify whether the country is a major exporter or a consumer.

What characterizes subsistence agriculture?

C Production only for family consumption.

How has global demand for palm oil been beneficial and detrimental for Indonesia and Malaysia?

C Palm oil exports provided substantial profits, but resulted in heavy deforestation.

What economic advantage is seen in value-added agricultural goods?

B They significantly increase the price of the farm products sold.

Where was corn (maize) first domesticated?

D Central Mexico.

In which country is terracing least likely used for additional space?

D Niger.

Why did multiple early hearths of domestication arise independently?

B Societies learned and applied domestication processes to local plants and animals.

Where was wheat most probably domesticated earliest?

E Southeastern Turkey.

Which regions were the world's earliest centers of plant domestication?

D Southeast Asia, Mesoamerica, Middle East.

What is a noted environmental benefit of the eat-local movement?

A Less fossil fuel is used in transporting food.

How do conventional farms differ from feedlot systems?

D Feedlots can minimize costs because they occupy less space.

What environmental problem is associated with the African Sahel?

A Desertification.

Which form of agriculture is best described as extensive?

D Cattle ranching and wheat farming.

What is the best example of extensive land use in agriculture?

D A sheep ranch.

How has the expansion of feedlots affected environmental sustainability?

B Runoff from animal waste has increased pollution in local water supplies.

According to the graph, what trend in global fertilizer use is evident?

D Worldwide fertilizer use is increasing but faster in peripheral developing countries.

What type of value-added agriculture do the chickens in the image represent?

B Free-range.

Which frequently consumed item in North America is likely supplied by a trans-national corporation?

C Coffee.

How has genetic engineering primarily contributed to agricultural productivity?

C Increasing drought resistance and resistance to pests.

What has driven dramatic increases in global grain production since 1950?

E An increase in the use of energy and technology.

How have global agricultural commodity chains impacted consumers compared to producers?

A Droughts and depletion of groundwater cause rises in grain prices.

What is the risk associated with pesticide applications in developed vs less developed countries?

C Farmers' health is at risk in less developed countries.

What change occurred in wheat production in India by 1990?

E The use of improved plant hybrids and agricultural chemicals.

Why was the Green Revolution's success variable?

B Small-scale farmers often lacked resources for hybrid seeds and chemical inputs.

What resulted from the Green Revolution in modern agriculture?

A Development of high-yield grains and expansion of cultivated areas.

Which agricultural inputs were the most recent innovations during the Green Revolution?

D Chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

How has industrialization and mechanization affected agriculture in the United States?

A A decrease in the number of farms and an increase in farm size.

What best describes differences in agricultural practices of sheep in New Zealand compared to poultry in Arkansas?

C Sheep production is extensive, while poultry production is intensive and often indoors.

What best explains the Ivorian economic dependency on cocoa beans?

B High dependency on a single agricultural commodity increases economic risk.

What is integral to traditional labor-intensive agriculture?

A Field terracing.

Where has the Green Revolution had the least impact?

E Sub-Saharan Africa.

What limits the growth potential of alternative agricultural practices?

B Growers have not established an integrated commodity chain.

Nomadic pastoralism is practiced where?

A In the dry regions of Africa and Asia.

Which activity is found in the outermost zone of von Thünen's model?

E Extensive grain or stock raising.

What best explains the diffusion of domesticated plants and animals?

C Both spread through contagious diffusion by farmers and traders.

What reflects a neo-Malthusian perspective on the Green Revolution?

A It represents a jump in technology, but population growth will outpace food production.

What defines agribusiness?

D A set of economic and political relationships organizing food production.

How do commercial ranchers in the Pampas differ from North American ranchers?

D They raise livestock primarily for export.

What explains why New England specializes in market gardening?

E Cities on the East Coast provide a growing market for market gardening products.

Women played a crucial role in domestication for what reason?

B They were engaged in collecting plant resources.

What explains differences between the township-and-range and long-lot systems?

E The township-and-range system uses a grid; the long-lot system is rectilinear.

What is similar between the two land survey systems?

B Both require geometric calculations, but township-and-range is more ordered.

What survey system facilitated trade efficiency?

A The river in the long lot survey system provided better access.

What describes the change during the Second Agricultural Revolution?

D Mechanization allowed young people to migrate to urban industrial roles.

What impacts does the Second Agricultural Revolution have?

D Increased agricultural productivity led to better diets and longer lives.

What trend does the Second Agricultural Revolution represent?

D The mechanization resulted in more reliable harvests.

What is a characteristic of shifting cultivation?

E Multicropping.

Which area is a primary source of winter fruits and vegetables in North America?

B Chile.

What role do commodity chains play in farm size?

C Commodity chains changed spatial organization from small farms to large corporate farms.

What explains the similarities of large-scale agriculture in developed and developing countries?

B Both involve consolidation of family farms and displacement of communities.

Where is subsistence agriculture most common?

C Amazon Basin.

Which of the following is a subsistence crop?

A Corn.

Why are tea plantations common in Sri Lanka?

E They were established by a former European colonial power.

What often results from the clearing of tropical rain forests?

B A shift to animal raising.

Which statement about geography of meat production in the U.S. and Canada is false?

E Consumer demand for organic foods has decreased meat production.

What pattern did the township and range land survey system produce?

A A dispersed rural settlement pattern.

Why is classifying agriculture as a primary activity problematic?

A Modern farmers also engage in production, marketing, and some manufacturing.

Which innovation facilitated long-distance beef transport?

C Refrigerated ships.

What impact have transportation improvements had on agriculture?

C Corporate farms have gained a greater advantage over family farms.

What type of agriculture is shown on the map?

D Rice cultivation.

What is an effect of chemicals used in agriculture?

E Increased land and water pollution from runoff.

What determines the pattern of land use in von Thünen's model?

B Costs of labor, transport, and land rent.

What did von Thünen emphasize in his model?

B Transportation cost.

Why are tomatoes grown closest to the market in von Thünen's model?

D They spoil quicker than beef or grain.

What explains the connection between land value and agricultural production regions?

D Grain crops require extensive land and are located farther from the market.

Where should a farmer purchase land for livestock according to von Thünen's model?

E The ring farthest from the market for less expensive land.

Which reality would NOT be accounted for in von Thünen's model?

D Florida's government has a Department of Citrus.

What does the comparison of women working in agriculture in the Middle East and South Asia reveal?

B Many women grow food for their families but are not always paid.

What explains similarities of regions where many women work in agriculture?

E They are less-developed with large rural populations.

What signifies the importance of the roles of women in agriculture in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa?

B Female farmers produce much of the food for their families.

How would you describe the roles of women in sub-Saharan rural economies?

B Nonwage workers on small, family-run farms.