naming compounds for exam 2

1 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

methane

2 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

ethane

3 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

propane

4 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

butane

5 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

pentane

6 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

hexane

7 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

helptane

8 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

octane

9 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

nonane

10 carbon in parent chain (alkane)

decane

cyclopropane

cyclobutane

cyclopentane

cyclohexane

1 carbon substituent

methyl

2 carbon substituent

ethyl

3 carbon substituent

propyl

4 carbon substituent

butyl

5 carbon substituent

pentyl

6 carbon substituent

hexyl

7 carbon substituent

heptyl

8 carbon substituent

octyl

9 carbon substituent

nonyl

10 carbon substituent

decyl

order of functional groups from least to most important in terms of naming (6)

amine

alcohol

ketone

aldehyde

ester

carboxylic acid

suffix for compound with carboxylic acid

-oic acid

suffix for compound with ester

-oate

suffix for compound with aldehyde

-al

suffix for compound with ketone

-one

suffix for compound with alcohol

-ol

suffix for compound with amine

-amine

what wavenumber range do H-X bonds correspond to? (X=any non H element)

2900 to 4000 cm^-1

what wavenumber range do C triple bond X correspond to? (X=any non H element)

2100 to 2400 cm^-1

what wavenumber range do C double bond X correspond to? (X=any non H element)

1500 to 1900 cm^-1

what are enantiomers?

stereoisomers that are non-superimposable, mirror images of each other

what are diastereomers?

stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other

what are stereoisomers?

molecules with the same chemical formula and connectivity but different arrangements of atoms, so do not line up perfectly

aka superposition

difference between cis and trans substituents:

cis indicates substituents are on same side of compound (both on dash or both on wedge)

trans - on opposite sides (so one on wedge, one on dash)

CIP rules for configuration of chirality centers

1. locate chirality center

2. assign bonds on chirality center (#1-4 for each group branching off, 4 is lowest atomic number, 1 is greatest atomic number)

3. rotate lowest priority (4) bond away from you

4. assign R configuration if top 3 priority bonds rotate clockwise

R configuration

top three priority bonds rotate clockwise

S configuration

top three priority bonds rotate counter clockwise