Biomedical Technology Final Exam

The type of research used to increase fundamental knowledge, and isn't directed at solving any particular problem, but is the building blocks for which all other types of research are based is:

Basic

This type of research is directed toward a specific objective such as the development of a new drug, treatment or surgical procedure is called:

Applied

What type of research takes place in a hospital or other clinical setting for health care and applies to the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of disease?

Applied

What type of research is used to test potential drugs and treatments in humans?

Clinical

The area of science devoted to the study of life processes, the prevention & treatment of disease, and the genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors related to disease and health is called:

Biomedical Research

Edward Jenner discovered a vaccine that saved millions and eradicated what disease worldwide so that we do not have to be immunized against it any longer?

Smallpox

Monoclonal antibodies have helped to treat what cancer that was fatal to many women before its discovery in 1975?

Breast

You are in a group of healthy, human volunteers that have agreed to be in the study group to receive a possible new polio vaccine being tested. This is an example of what type of biomedical research?

Clinical

Mrs. Kennedy assigns you the topic of Ebola to research in the library and the computer lab at school. This is what type of research?

Basic

In vitro means:

In glass

All research facilities that use animals are required by law to establish in Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (IACUC) that is responsible for reviewing and approving all procedures involving animals before they take place. These committees also:

Inspect the facilities twice a year to ensure compliance with the Animal Welfare Act (AWA)

Which lab animals are not protected under the Animal Welfare Act?

Mice, rats, and birds

_____________ comprises 97% of all research animals

Mice and rats

The AWA is enforced by the:

United States Department of Agriculture

The AWA states that all proposals to use animals must be reviewed by and approved by (a):

Institutional Animal Care & Use

Animals are often used in medical research because they:

are inexpensive to house, feed, and take care of

Annual unannounced inspections are conducted in animal research facilities by what organization?

USDA

Dogs were used to come up with revolutionary treatment such as pacemakers and open heart surgery for people suffering from:

Heart Disease

In the early 1900s, dogs and rabbits were used to develop a treatment for what deadly disease that caused convulsions and death, afflicts wild and domestic animals, and can be transmitted to humans:

Rabies

What global organization helps prevent outbreaks all over the world?

EPA

What agency regulates substances in the environment that could be hazardous to humans?

EPA

The discovery of what type of drug prevents us from feeling pain after surgery:

Anesthesia

What agency regulates safety in the workplace?

OSHA

What agency regulates food and drugs in the US?

FDA

Animal research is only valid:

If the animals aren't stressed out

One of the most well known animal rights groups are:

PETA

Transgenic animals are created from insertion of a ____ from another species.

Gene

A xenograft is a tissue or organ from a:

A pig

You must apply for a patent from the US Patent and Trademark office when a new ___________________ is created.

Transgenic Organism

Using transgenic animals to produce pharmaceuticals is called:

Pharming

A precise genetic copy is:

Reproductive cloning

Somatic cell nuclear transfer uses a/an __________ egg, having its nucleus removed which creates an oocyte.

Fertilized

The nucleus of a single ____________ is then inserted into the enucleuated oocyte.

Somatic Cell

SCNT is a process that allows for the production of perfectly matched tissue is ___________ cloning.

Therapeutic

One of the many diseases believed that could benefit from therapeutic cloning is:

Parkinsons

What career helps organize the tests of new drugs in humans?

Clinical Trial Associates

The emerging field of biotechnology began to take form as a separate discipline in the early 1980s with the development of:

Cloning and Recombinant DNA

Who worked on the Human Genome Project?

Researchers from around the world

The level of exposure is to radiologic materials is measured on a badge worn by each radiographer. The amount of exposure that is considered safe is regulated by the:

Federal government

What career helps understand the risk of inherited diseases?

Genetics Counselor

The name of the scientist that studied inheritance patterns in pea seed plants in 1865 is:

Gregory Mendel

Mother is type O (OO) and father is type A (AO). What are their offspring blood types?

A, O

Complementary pairing allows scientists to predict the sequence of bases on a strand of DNA. Predict the sequence GCA AGA GAT AAT TGT

CGT TCT CTA TTA ACA

Insulin is produced by Recombinant DNA. Explain this process.

Insulin producing genes are removed from cells of the pancreas. A plasmid is removed from a bacterium and they are joined in a plasmid ring. They are reimplanted into the bacterium to produce insulin.

The Human Genome Project identified _____ to _____ genes in humans. Half the number of a fruit fly.

20,000 to 25,000

Which is a possible problem with the widespread use of nano particles?

Targeting of cells for specific drug delivery, bioaccumulation of particles in the food chain, and the production of scaffolds to build organs.

The use of nanotechnology begin in:

1974

The application of tools and devices of nano technology to build devices for studying and manipulating bio systems is called:

Nano Biotechnology

Nano biotechnology can be used to:

Develop cancer drugs that go through the body attacking only cancer cells, develop bandages that release special particles to stop bleeding and infection, and develop safer and cheaper vaccines.

Which choice has a measurement closest to one nano meter?

Width of DNA

The purpose of regenerative medicine is to:

none of the above

Regenerative medicine techniques have been used to replace all of the following except:

Nerve Cells

When all the cells and tissues are removed from an organ, it leaves only the extracellular matrix which can act as a scaffold for building a new organ. This process is called:

Decellularization

As cells develop from zygote to adult, they produce differentiated cells capable of forming all of the organism's tissues and organs. These are called:

Stem Cells

The machine that makes solid objects by laying down layers of plastic is called a:

Bioprinter

Vaccines induce the body to build:

Immunity to a disease without getting the actual disease

Herding happens when:

Enough people in the community are vaccinated that the person who is unvaccinated does not get sick.

Conjugated vaccines help the immune system of:

Infants and young children

What two viruses have re-emerged from vaccine preventable diseases?

Whooping Cough and Measles

The three methods used for vaccine manufacturing are:

Pharming, cell cultures, and plant cultures

A cancer causing agent is called a:

Mutagen and/or Carniogen

Most cancer are labeled monoclonal because:

They originate from one ancestral type of cell

A cell from a tumor that stays in the tissue of origin and does not migrate to other areas is said to be:

Benign

Which of the following is/are methods used by your body to control the growth of cancerous cells?

Telomere lengths, tumor suppressor chemicals, and apoptosis

All of the following are strides we are making to decrease cancer deaths except:

Ethics

What age sees the most cancer deaths?

75 - 84

What is the leading cause of all cancers?

Mutations in DNA

Sections of our DNA that can be mutated and lead to the production of a cancerous cell are called:

Oncogenes

What male ethnic group has the greatest percentage of incidences of all types of cancer:

Caucasian

Factors that lead to an increased rate of cancer include all of the following except:

Healthy diet

The majority of all cancers are:

Monoclonal in origin

An important historical discovery made with the use of epidemiology in the study of cancer was:

Chimney sweeps had a higher incidence of scrotal cancer than men who where not chimney sweeps.

Cancer develops ___________ and can result from different causes.

Across time

Cancer cells multiply rapidly raking up _____ and _________ from the normal cells.

Space and Nutrients

A mass of cancer cell is:

A Tumor

These organisms are naturally found on your body in low, controllable numbers. However, if your immune system becomes compromised they can grow and cause infection. They are called:

Oppurtunistic

Mosquitos and other insects are primary transmission mechanisms for diseases. What do we call organism that transmit infectious pathogens?

Vectors

These misshapen proteins cause diseases like Cruetzfeldt - Jakob and mad cow.

Prions

This particular type of white blood cell defends your body against worm infections.

Eosinophils

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response to infection?

Lowering the temperature in the affected area

The use of these killed or weakened strains of pathogen have led to the eradication of smallpox.

Vaccines

As a small child you suffered from a severe case of chicken pox and you are now very unlikely to have chicken pox again. What type of immunity is this called?

Acquired Immunity

What organisms can be treated using antibiotics?

Bacteria

Which of the following diseases is considered by the CDC and NIH to have been eradicated?

Smallpox

Edward Jenner produced the first vaccine against which disease?

Smallpox

Which pathogen has no metabolism and can't reproduce without a host cell?

Virus

Which federal government agency has the responsibility of issuing public warnings regarding the threat of disease transmissions?

CDC

What drug should not be taken for extended periods of time because it can cause the patient to develop opportunistic infections and can be hazardous to liver function.

Erythromycin

Tuberculosis is considered to be a __________ disease because of antibiotic resistance.

Reemerging

Globally, infectious disease remains the leading cause of death and the ______ leading cause of death in the US.

Second

When performing any lab test there are specific protocols that must be followed called:

SOP

The 3 steps of a urinalysis are visual, chemical, and microscopic examination. The 3rd step is done:

Every time something abnormal is found

A type of autopsy done in an attempt to better understand disease progression and effects of treatment and how to prevent deaths

Clinical

This career professional is responsible for determining the cause of death in all accidents, unexpected deaths, unwitnessed deaths, drug overdoses, suspected homicides and suicides. This professional is a

Medical Examiner

After death, blood settles to the ______ part of the body.

Lowest

The stiffening of the body muscles that occurs after death due to chemical changes

Rigor Mortis

Repeated brain injury in athletes increase risk of degenerative brain diseases occurring at a much younger age due to the tangle of ___________ in the brain.

Tau Protein

The autopsy rate has declined sharply over the last several decades especially in clinical deaths. This is unfortunate because their use can help discover what?

Misdiagnosis, additional undiagnosed contributing condition, and need for changes in treatment protoccol

Everyone has their own unique DNA except for identical twins. In order to be a match, the person must have the same _______ at all 13 locations.

Alleles

In a death investigation, the pathologist collects specimens for analysis by the toxicology lab. Examples are:

Tissues and body fluids (urine or saliva), gastric contents, and liver, brain and hair samples.