Studied by 14 people
Its late, whyyyyyy am I a nerd, lets go make my review sheet into waaayyy too long of a Quizlet :) (its like 10 pages), maybe I shouldn't have read the entirety of a book when I should have been studying
THE DYNASTYS
go sing ur little song
Shang
Zhou (Joe)*
Qin (chin)**
Han
Sui (sway) golden age
Tang
Song
Yuan (mongols, first non-chinese dynasty)
Ming
Qing (ruled by Manchurians)
Republic
Mao Zedong
Shang/Zhou dynasty
Shang dynasty was real, pre-confucianism but still ideology
Oracle bones discovered, they have writing so its big, same kinda words used today so wow
Shang-Zhou bc wicked king so eclipse-like thing so mandate gone so enemies come and things burn
Buddhism type in east asia
Majayana (east Asian)
Mandate of Heaven
Idea started in Shang dynasty
Leader by ability + virtue
Could be revoked by negligence/abuse, the will of the people is important
Natural disasters seen as signs that mandate is removed, people’s job to remove the emperor
Confucianism!!!
Guiding principle, not god/what happens after death religion
Confucius
Born noble but raised in poverty
Says good ruler inspires others to follow him, not with harsh punishments
Bc we form identity from families, family is over all
Starts teaching at beginning of warring states period
How to live but also how to rule
Teachings wrote in the analects
Tomb smashed then rebuilt
Guiding Ideas - Correct behavior, humanity, empathy, honesty, respect elders (filial piety)
5 relationships (tied to respect elders)
Organize by status, age, and gender
Today big principle religous/political thought, bad during communism is back
Daoism
Lao-Zi founder
Not as prevalent in stuff as Confucianism
Dao De Jing - Basic text of Daoism/poem (wrote it + left)
Major Principles
Goal is to become one with nature
drift on the stream of infinite flux
Man is sad bc they follow man-made laws and stuff that are anti-nature
Goal
Escape social/political/cultural traps of life
Discover nature + the rhythm of the universe
Yin/Yang thought
Legalism
Han Fei starter - Lived in late warring states period
Humans = bad, need harsh leader and laws
Authoritarian - all power to ruler
Qin Dynasty
Qin against Confucians (like killing a bunch of scholars against)
Unites states, strong economy/peace, standardizes language, legalism thought
Starts construction on Great Wall
TerraCotta Army
Info from Qin dynasty comes from Han dynasty, who didn’t fancy Qin (bias)
Han Dynasty
Qin dies and things fall apart
Han dynasty is Confucianism (not immediate tho)
Balance between control + freedom
Emperor Wudi
Seen as height of Han empire
Colonizers (collect taxes/tribute), spreads Confucianism to Korea, Vietnam, Manchuria (bc confucianism, look to China)
Public school systems + Civil service system
Peace + Economic stability (so flourishing art)
Silk Road
What - important bc disease and ideas (lots of Buddhism)
Where - connecting west/east
Who - not one person, switch out along the way, jack up prices slowly
In Han dynasty?
We still have global exchange today
Spread of Buddhism on road
Merchants like it so it spreads, conversion coluntary bc link to merit
Budd changes to Mahayan Budd - Buddha more of deity + picks up other culture
Growth of Road
Silk traded bc symbol of status + currency + associated with budd and Christ
Disease spreads
China + Europe from black death its bad
Bad/spreads bc used to be isolated things peeps used to, but have contact
Three Kingdoms/ Yellow turban rebellion
Fighting after Han dynasty
Book written about it 1000 years later, lots literary fiction
East China practicing Taoism, claim Han dynasty must stop bc sky turns yellow
3 bros killed (what a surprise the people are just madder)
Cycle of rebellion + war, gov giving out more individual power
Emperor dies with no heir (has 2 sons and a wife)
Dude strong right place, right time, goes and takes control and makes himself regent, younger son emperor, then kicked out
Powerful dude comes, manipulates sons, mean regent as a tyrant
Basically goes to civil war
Tang dynasty
Around silk road
Golden age
New tech (gunpowder, clocks, porcelain)
Grand Canal
Still a thing today
Key to the rise of the south
Yangzhou like in the middle and really pops up
Golden Age of relations with other countries (Japan, Korea, Persia)
Spread of Buddhism in China (liberal attitude towards all religions)
Empress We Zetian - Only female Empress in China’s history
Decline of Buddhism in China + Tang bc buddhism kinda corrupt
Song Dynasty
Urban, merchant, middle class
More emphasis on education + books
Magnetic compass makes China a great sea power
Imperial examination system perfected (exams to be a political leader)
Start of decline for China
Early periods
Jomon period - like really early, settle living off the sea
Yamato period - clan-based, Prince starts adopting Chinese culture
Nara period (700 CE) - adopt/modify chinese system (confu), rise of buddhism, begin to rival China
Shintoism
Ancient belief system in Japan
80% say there Shinto, but today it's more cultural with other religion (christianity, buddhism)
Polytheism
Ancestor Worship (filial piety)
Hyper-nationalism
Only Shinto is japanese in japan
Believed that the gods birthed the island(s) of japan
The world of the kami - Inhabit things in nature
Great Creator
Amaterasu: Sun goddess, emporer descendent
Shinto at first doesn’t have like rules like religions, but once christianity comes it does
Heian Period/Zen Buddhism
Lady Murasaki Shikibu - wrote tale of Genji
Tang/Song in China
Zen Buddhism come in
japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism
Came from India thru China
Starts in Heian period, keeps growing in tokugawa period
Puzzles w/ no answer to accept you don't need to know all (koans)
Practices: Chanoyu: Tea Ceremony, Calligraphy, Haiku, Ikebana: Art of flower arranging, Bonzai
Nature is very important
Most paintings of nature
Structure of Feudal Society in Japan:
Emperor - descendant of sun god, so always at top, figurehead
Shogun, protector of emperor, political leader, most powerful samurai
Daimyos: nobles, land-owners, wealthiest of area, kinda lord of area
Samurai - loyal to a Daimyo, protect their land and stuff
Ronin - Samurai kinda not loyal to a Daimyo, paid soldier
Peasants - work Daimyo land, food from them, loyal to them
Artisans
Merchants
Samurai
Loyalty to Daimyo, not shogun or emperor or japan
Code of Bushido - How to live, not how to fight (Justice, courage, mercy, politeness, honesty, honor, loyalty, character)
Seppuku- ritual suicide, Often ordered by Daimyo, so more like an execution
Clan Ages
Attempts to unify Japan/take control from Emperor
Mongols try to come but kamikaze comes and stops them
Warring states period where europeans come, christ + foreign trade flourish
St. Francis Xavier comes, church says no budd/conf ideology allowed so bad
Tokugawa period
Period of 3 guys trying to unify, third dude does best but all considered tokugawa
Goes like all the way to US Civil war so like LONG “Feudal period”
3 unifiers go to unify it, First dude use threats (+portuguese rifle), Second one uses force (bans european + christianity but thats the whole time), Third dude (Tokugawa) is like i'll wait (unifies all of it, shogun and peace)
Tokugawa Shogunate Period
Japan closed of to trade (but Dutch + Chinese)
Christians forbidden
Merchant class starts to be RICH
How do they control?
Move daimyo so peeps not so loyal to new one
Alternate attendance/hostage system (every certain years daimyo go to capital, or family come to Edo)
Samurai not really fighting, more tutors and poets
Sumo fighting for entertainment
Kabuki theater
New bc historical events and common lives
Evolves to more like play and men and things
Ancient Korean Belief System - Origins (Dangun Myth)
Two tribes come together, god of heaven’s son likes earth, Son goes to earth, kinda civilizations society
Tells bear + tiger if they stay in cave they can be humans, bear stays and changes
Son and bear go and becomes the founding ruler of the first kingdom
Goguyee Kingdom
One of the 3 kingdoms
Being invaded by Tui and Song, but stopped
Very strong military
Had cool armor (like kinda chain mail and some for horses)
Baekje Kingdom
Connection for East Asia
Lots of trade in here
Scholars help introduce Buddhism to Japan
Very artistic era
Silla
Interest in science + tech
Nice architecture (good mathematics)
Lots of metallurgy
Eventually fully unify with things
Unified Silla (668-935 CE)
1st time peninsula is all under 1 Korean rule
Very influenced by China
Spoken korean language, written Chinese
Developed korean style Buddhism and Confucianism
Koryo (918-1392)
Feudal aristocracy (most of the time)
Buddhism as national religion, confucianism as basis for gov + education
Korean ideology and cultural uniqueness
Many times invaded from north, biggest Mongols (Yuan China) in 1200s
Celadon pottery (process of dying/firing) makes in greenish tint + unique (traded that a lot)
Printing Tech (woodblock) (could move around the words/letters)
Choson dynasty (1500-1900)
Chilling for a while as lots of things revolutionize (globalization)
Till 1905- Japan takes control of Korea
Women's rights go bye bye bc confucianism
4th King of Sejong the Great
Advances in scholarship, science, agriculture, literature, medicine
Considered like whoa
Political stability
Creates written system for korean language (special bc not developed, just made), get rid of using China language, gives people a lot of things
Looking to China on how to do things
Japan invades 1592, Imjin war, many die, most civilians, Korea wins
General Yi Sun-shin big player on korean side and makes Turtle ships
Reduce interaction at the end, then many wars kinda impacting Korea
Society and Inequality in Eurasia/North Africa & Society and the State in China
Officials chosen from educated, often rich bc they had resources, passing exams to get chosen sets you apart
Landlord class that own big areas, wealthy, luxurious, laws to stop them don’t work
Peasents have required taxes, labor, and military service, rebellions (Yellow Turban), but solid backbone of society
Merchants looked down on as shameful way to make a living + greedy, laws against them, but often rich
Third - Wave Civ
Connection between other civs
Fully civ + unique but also diffusion of culture + tech
East asia center of civ
Globalization of civs
States, cities, class, inequalities, “civilized life”
Islam is big one
Empires good bc culture in there and travel easier
Silk Road Concepts
China monopolizes silk/other uneven distribution of trade so people want to trade (mostly elites)
Merchants are distinct social group, could get very rich
Trade brings: religious ideas, tech, disease, plants/animals
Gunpowder
Gunpowder used not for war as an oopsie then small bombs, then 13th/14th fire projectiles, Mongols use it so it spreads
Tribute system in theory:
China is the best, others give tribute, attempt to regulate relationship, often good for both parties
Tribute System in Practice:
Sometimes empires equal/better so tributes go other way, nomads norm just want goods but pick up pieces if thing collapses, Silk, silver, and tea from china given to nomads, some goes to Silk Road
Nomads influence with China:
some “become chinese” w/ marrying and culture, Northern Steppes not change and want own culture, Elites like foreign, southerners dont tho
Izumi Shikibu:
japanese poet/lover, big in court, master of tanka,, affair then with brother then sad then Tale of Genji lady says good poet but scandelous
China Impact on Eurasia/Eurasia Impact on China
China on E: Tech innovations (salt evaporation, papermaking), gunpowder spreads, trading spread silk + porcelain
E on China: rice from vietnam, buddhism from india, indian ocean trade
Things change bc of lots of factors and diffusion and rebellions and all civs change bc of china and china changed by it
Political structure of China (from Tang + Song)
6 major ministries and Censorate
Censorate surveyed rest of gov
Make it so aristocratic families hard, but bc rich its easier
Education valued + mostly needed
Golden Age of China
Rapid growth
Urbanize
Water ways transporting peeps and things
Industrial products soared (mass-producing weapons)
Coal powers things
Lots of innovation
Mongols conquest in 13th centuries
Women in Song dynasty/Tang also
In Tang women had more power def in north bc nomad wifes had more freedom
Reviving Confucianism restrict women lives
Breaking womens feet now
Rapid commercializing economy so women less valued in textile industry, lose ability to make income
In cities could run restaurants or cell things
Get property rights and stuff tho
Korea + China
Buddhism goes in between
Mostly independent
In tribute system
Confucian values go to Korea, bad for women
Phonetic alphabet
Chinese influence mostly with elites
Vietnam + China
Elite culture from China
Confucism, Daoism, Buddhism come
Political independence put fully in tribute system
Cultural heartland was fully in the Chinese state for like a thousand years
Use chinese government and court ritual
Beyond elite still vietnamese culture and different language
Women's rights despite the chinese
Japan + China
Physical seperation by ocean so never a part of china
Choose what to borrow
Encourage Buddhism + confucianism
Elite still like chinese culture
Still people going in between but stop tribute system in 10th century
Religiously different with kami
No mandate of heaven/different gov
Chinese characters and phonetic symbols make writing system
Women escaped the opposing features of chinese confucianism
Influence with china also model for encounter with west where borrow selectively
Chinese and Buddhism
Get from india and slow go in then to korea + japan
Come from silk road, translated/changed for confucian thinking and values
Collapse of Han and peeps like it
Change to put women down
But then peeps dont like it and foreign thing, dont like foreign
State confiscates/sets laws against buddhists
Blended with others + still important
“Every black-haired son of Han,” the Chinese have long said, “wears a Confucian thinking cap, a Daoist robe, and Buddhist sandals.” - quote to sum it up
oh yay you’re done hooray go eat a snack, sing your silly little song, look at the map, and come back
or you’re not done bc its on shuffle that sucks i’m sry go finish
Note 
Flashcard (24)