Vector

Environmental Health

When first considering the control of houseflies, roaches, at rats, the primary emphasis should be on …

basic community environmental sanitation to eliminate the conditions that make possible their survival and reproduction

The objective(s) in pest control should be …

integrating pest management involving the use of a combination of educational, cultural, biological, physical, chemical, and legal measures, as appropriate

Rodents are the primary reservoir/host of the hantavirus. In particular, ____ appears to be the primary reservoir for the newly recognized (1993) Hantavirus in the southeastern United States

Deer mouse (& white footed mouse)

The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act …

*requires that the Environmental Agency registration number be put on all pesticide products

*provides for the registration of pesticide manufacturing and formulation

*provides for STATE certification of applicators who are qualified to use certain restricted pesticides

A pesticide that _______ is referred to as a “Restricted Classification” pesticide and is generally not available to the homeowner of food establishment owner

*Highly toxic

*Requires special knowledge and special equipment for application

Bacteria may be carried in the digestive system of the housefly for as long as

4 weeks

Malaria prevention programs have been losing their effectiveness i many countries mainly bc of

*inadequate funding for research

*adaptation of mosquitoes to new environments

*resistance to certain insecticides and resistance of Plasmodium falciparum parasites to drugs used to prevent and treat malarial infections

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is transmitted by

Dog ticks (/wood ticks)

A “chigger” is the larval state of the

Mite

Pediculosis is an infestation of

Lice

Storage of clothing, begging, and any other lice infested items for at least ___ will cause the lice to die of starvation

30 days

(adult lice ~ 30 days and can live 2-10 days w/o a host)

_____ is an infectious disease of the skin caused by burrowing of the female mite into the skin where it deposits its eggs

Scabies

Wasps are usually attracted to

*Bright colored clothing

*hair oils

*smooth-textured clothing

The peach seasons for rats to breed in temperate zones are

Spring and Fall

Rattus norvegicus is also referred to as the …

*sewer rat

*Norway rat / LeRoy Brown

*house rat

The first step in a rat control program is

a community survey

Rattus Rattus is also referred to as the

Roof rat

An adult requires approximately ___ of food per day

1 oz

In order to control rats at open dumps, a poison-bait application program should be started _____ before a site is abandoned or converted and before earth-moving equipment is brought to the site

10 days

The smallest diame4ter hole through which an average house mouse can pass is

½ inch

an example of a single dose rodenticide is

Red squill (one bite done)

The key to effective, long-term, rodent control program is

Community sanitation

A female rat becomes sexually mature in

2-3 months

The Norway rat has a normal home range of

100-150 ft

A single pair of rats are capable of producing _____ litters of young per year

4-7

An example of an anticoagulant rodenticide is

Warfarin

(the most common and used for a blood thinner in humans)

Psittacois/Ornithosis is spread by

Pigeons (and other birds)

A pigeon control program to eliminate nesting places should be preceded by

Ectoparasite control

Bat-proofing should be done in the ___, when bats are hibernating in caves

late fall through winter

(never in the spring)

Bats are threat to humans bc they carry

rabies

The best preventive measure for poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac is

recognition of the plant and its avoidance

The poison of poison ivy, oak, and sumac is an oleoresin that is found in all parts of the plant except the

Wood the roots. T

The symptoms from contact with poison ivy, oaks, and sumac normally appear after

a few hours to 7 days

Soil sterilants are a type of herbicide which are

absorbed by the plant root system

Hay fever is correctly referred to as

pollenosis

a mature ragweed plant can produce up to ____ pollen grains in one season

1 billion

Concentrations of less than _____ pollen grains /m3 of air in a 24hr period usually do not produce allergic reactions

33

Most ragweed pollen grain settle to the ground within about

200 feet of their source

The most practical way to control hay fever is to

treat the patient

Which of the following has been proven to be the most effective for controlling ragweed?

Fenthion

Dieldrin

2, 4-D

petroleum oil

2,4-D

An effective pest management and weed control program focuses on the

integration of a combination of methods

(T of F) The full potential of naturalistic and source-reduction measures should be applied before considering chemical means for controlling arthropods, rodents, and weeds

True

(T of F) DDT has been banned for use in all countries except parts of Africa, Sweden, Great Britain, and all South American Countries

False

(T of F) The World Health Organization considers DDT irreplaceable in public health at the present time for control of same of the most important vector-borne diseases of humans

True

(T of F) For a pesticide to be permitted for application on a raw agricultural food or feed, the residue must exceed the tolerance established for the product by the Dept of Health and Human Services under the conditions of use

False

(T of F) In accordance with Food Additive Regulations, a pesticide added intentionally or incidentally to a processed food is considered an additive

True

(T of F) The housefly consumes only liquids, and therefore, must transform all other substances to the liquid state before digestion

True

(T of F) The prime feeding time of the anopheles mosquito is usually around mid-day

False

(T of F) Encephalitis has replaced malaria as the major mosquito-borne disease in North America

False

(T of F) Encephalitis is NOT communicable directly from P2P, but only by the bite of infected mosquitoes

True

(T of F) The female and male mosquito feed only on the blood of humans and animals

False

(T of F) Bc they do not stain, lindane and malathion are excellent liquid insecticide sprays to use for controlling bedbugs in mattresses of other bedding

False

(T of F) Lice require human blood to live

True

(T of F) Blackflies are disease vectors for onchocerciasis

True

(T of F) Yellow jackets usually build their nests in the ground

True

(T of F) Rats have an extremely keen sense of sight but very poor taste and smelling ability

False

(T of F) Sodium fluoroacetate, also known as “1080”, is the most effective fast-acting rodenticide available for use throughout the United States

False

(T of F) Bats serve a useful purpose by keeping down the number of insects

True

(T of F) The rabies virus may be contracted from the aerosol of an infected animal’s urine, entering through the nose or mouth

True

(T of F) Bat-proofing should not be conducted in late spring or early summer because baby bats can be trapped inside

True

(T of F) The poison found in poison ivy, oak, and sumac is extremely volatile

False

(T of F) Items such as tennis balls, golf balls, gloves, and auto tires that come into contact with poison ivy, oak, or sumac may spread the poison as well as the physical contact with the plants

True

(T of F) Burning off poisonous plants is not advisable bc smoke will carry particles long distances and spread the infection

True

(T of F) The best time to apply a herbicide is in the late spring or early summer when plant growth and development is taking place

True

(T of F) Hormone or growth regulators, are aka systemic herbicides, are toxic to the plant’s living cells they cover and are usually absorbed through the stem of the plant upon contact

False

(T of F) Some of the min sources of pollen are trees in the summer, grasses in the spring, and weeds in the winder

False

The most widespread cockroach pest in restaurants is

German

Roaches are capable of spreading …

Salmonellosis

What is the most important aspect in controlling roaches

Maintaining good general sanitation

Pesticides used in cockroach control:

Cannot overcome good sanitation F

lies generally spread disease by

mechanical transmission

Mosquitoes have been known to spread

Encephalitis

(Malaria, Dengue, Yellow Fever, Filariasis, and West Nile Virus)

The mosquito genus responsible for the transmission of malaria is

Anopheles

Two insects parasites of rodents which transmit disease to man are

flea and louse

A rodent sign which would best indicate a current infestation with a number of rats would be:

soft, dark rat droppings ranging in size 3/8 inch to ¾ inch

Pyrethrum is an important insecticide bc

it is not toxic to humans

Why is it a good practice to pain 6 inch wide white lines along walls inside a warehouse?

*aids in the detection of insects and rodents

*serves as a reminder not to stock material next to the wall

Of the following, which is not ordinarily used as a rodenticide?

ANTU

methoxychlor

sodium fluoroacetate

Warfarin

Methoxychlor

One of the following that is not ordinarily considered to be transmitted by an insect?

Malaria

tetanus

typhus fever

yellow fever

tetanus

The insect infestation on humans known as pediculosis is caused by

lice

(PEDiculosis —> kids get lice)

The most prevalent arthropod-borne disease transmitted to humans in the US today is:

Encephalitis

Scabies is an infectious disease of the skin caused by:

mites

Which is NOT considered a single-dose rodenticide?

Warfarin - multidose rodenticide (blood thinner)

Who establishes tolerance levels of pesticides?

EPA

Under FIFRA, all pesticides must be classified by what manner?

Restricted use or general use

Mosquitoes are responsible for all EXCEPT

Q fever

malaria

encephalitis

yellow fever

Q fever

The primary method of eliminating house flies is

application of sanitary practices

What is the best method for eliminating rats?

Starve the rats by removing food and water source

Why are anti-coagulant-type rodenticides coated with paraffin?

Prevents decomp of poison by rain moisture W

which method of mosquito control is NOT very effective for nuisance prevention?

screening

fogging

residual spray

repellents

residual spray

The one of the following diseases which is caused by a VIRUS?

Encephalitis

Malaria

Q Fever

Tetanus

Encephalitis

The one of the following diseases in which rats DONT act as the intermediate host is

amoebic dysentery

endemic typhus

plague

Weil’s diseases

Amoebic dysentery (parasitic protozoan)

In rodent control, the primary method of producing permanent results is:

fumigating

poisoning

proofing

trapping

Proofing (Sanitation & Exclusion)

One of the following which is ordinarily NOT used as a fumigant:

ethylene oxide (sterilizer in hospitals)

hydrogen cyanide

methyl bromide

phosphate pentoxide

phosphate pentoxide

The most effective measures for mosquito control are dependent upon the:

Elimination of breeding places (stagnant water in pools or old tires, wet lands - all needs to be drained)

The one of the following that is NOT ordinarily transmitted by an INSECT

malaria

tetanus

typhus fever

yellow fever

Tetanus

(malaria - mosquito

tetanus - humans/ mammals

typhus fever - louse/lice

yellow fever - mosquito)

The variety of rat most common in the US in urban environments is:

Brown rats

Eradication of mosquitoes and ticks would have no effect on an epidemic of:

equine encephalitis

infectious hepatitis

yellow fever

rocky mt. spotted fever

infectious hepatitis

(equine encephalitis- mosquitoes

infectious hepatitis

yellow fever- mosquitoes

rocky mt. spotted fever - ticks)

The disease most likely to be transmitted to restaurant customers as a result of the presence of rats in the food prep area is:

salmonellosis

A rodenticide which is also an emetic (vomiting) is:

strychnine

red squill

warafin

arsenic

Red squill

(strychnine

red squill - single dose rodenticide

warafin - multidose pesticide

arsenic - toxic to lice )