College Biology final exam review

science

concentrated effort to understand the natural world and how it works, physical evidence that can be observed, pursuit of the truth about the natural world

biology

the scientific study of life

amoeba

single cell organism

cells

#1 in characteristics of life

structural functional unit of life

all living things are made of one or more cells

all cells come from pre-exisiting cells

what are the characteristics of life?

cells

organization

energy use

homeostasis

growth and development

reproduction

excretion

movement

sensitivity

adaptability

viruses

not composed of cells but are said to be "living"

one excepton to cell theory

prokaryotic cells

bacterial cells no nucleus

eukaryotic cells

everything thats not a bacteria

organization

#2 in characteristics of life

complex organizational patterns are found in all living organisims, arrange themselves on very small levels

4 catagories of animal tissues

epithelial

muscle

nervous

connective

epithelial tissues

covers/ linning

muscle tissues

movement

nervous tissues

transmittion of impulses - neurons

connective tissues

help hold one thing to another

organ systems

integumentary

muscular

skeletal

nervous

digestive

respiratory

circulatory

excretory

reproductive

endocrine

lymphatic

two different ways organisms can be organized

taxonomically

ecologically

taxonomically organized would be...

(highest to lowest)

domain

kingdom

phylum

class

order

family

genus

species

species is...?

a group or population with the actual or potential ability to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

taxonomical organization of humans

(highest to lowest)

eukarya- domain

animalia- kingdom

chordata- phylum

mammalia- class

primates- order

hominidae- family

homo- genus

homo sapiens- species

ecologically organized would be...

(smallest to largest)

species

populations

communities

ecosystems

biomes

biosphere

population

members of a particular species

communities

all populations that live in one place

ecosystems

a community plus all the components

biomes

group of ecosystems that are equal to each other around the world

biosphere

the ecosystem comprising the entire earth and the living organisms that inhabit it

energy use

#3 in characteristics of life

all organisms use energy

relates to both nutrition and cellular respiration

nutrition

the process of taking in food and using it for energy, growth, and good health

metabolism

sum of all chemical activity

the metabolic process may be...?

anabolic or catabolic

anabolic

building up

energy is used

catabolic

breaking down

energy is released

autotrophs

Organisms that are able to make their own food

types of autotrophs

photoautotrophs- produces food using light CO2+ H2O

chemoautotrophs- produces food using a chemical reaction

heterotrophs

organisms that get their nutrients by feeding off nutrients produced by others

types of heterotrophs

chemoheterotrophs- breaks down food by using a chemical reaction

photoheterotrophs- breaks down food by using light

homeostasis

steady state condition, stimulus and response

bios is the greek word for?

life

the scientific name for the common species of earthworm is

annelida

a catabolic activity is

digestion of protiens

the genetic "suitability" of an organism for a particular environment or task is termed

adaptation

any change in tne environment to which an organism responds is termed

stimulus

the sum of chemical activity of an organism is termed

metabolisim

you are a member of the phylum Chordata, subphylum

Vertebrata

the blood vessels near exposed or poorly insulated skin constrict in cold weather. This helps the body conserve heat. This invouluntary behavor is an example of?

stimulus and response

the correct order for the hiearchy of biological organization is...

molecule- organelle- cell- tissue- organ- organ system- organism- population- community- ecosystem

in the system of classification used to catagorize living things, phyla are divided into?

kingdoms

a biological community is composed of...

all the different species of organisms living together in one ecosystem

the survival of advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction is?

variation due to new genetic combinations

cyanobacteria have the ability to absorb sunlight and use its energy to convert CO2 + H2O into organic compounds such as C6H12O6. because of this ability they are

photoheterotrophs

the type of tissue that make linnings for organs or cavities in the body is?

epithelial tissue

a predictable directional resopnse in animals to certain stimuli such as water current, gravity, and physical contact is termed?

taxis

the digestion of protiens into amino acids, and the reassembling of amino acids into the specific protiens needed by the body for growth and development is an example of?

entropy

a tropical rainforest in South America and a tropical rainforest in Asia are part of the same

biome

in a neuron, an axon carries the impulse

away from the cell body

sweat glands and oil glands are accessory components of the

integumentary system

the study of fishes is

ichthology

the study of protistans, bateria, and other tiny organisms would be best included in

microbiology

smuts, mushrooms, molds, rusts, and yeasts belong in the domain__, kingdom__

Eukarya...Fungi

herpetology would not include which of the following:

snakes

frogs

rats

lizards

rats

porifera

sponge

arthropoda

lobster

cnidaria

sea anemone

echinodermata

starfish

chordata

amphioxus

annelida

earthworm

nematoda

canine heartworm

ctenophora

combjelly

placodermi

is a vertebrate class that is extinct

the resistence of matter to any change in its position or motion is

inertia

matter which cannot be broken down into two or more simpler forms is called an

element

this subatomic particle has a mass of1amu and and electrical charge of 1+

proton

this subatomic particle has a mass of 0 amu and an electrical charge of 1-

electron

this subatomic particle as a mass of 1 amu and no electrical charge

neutron

an atom which has lost an electron is best described as a

cation

which of the following would be most apt to form an anion?

calcium

iron

helium

fluorine

fluorine

the arsenide ion is an

anion

how many energy levels are in an atom of barium?

6

an element is matter in which all atoms have the same

atomic number

the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom of phosphorus is

5

one atom has 56 protons and 81 electrons. a second atom has 56 protons and 83 electrons. these are best decribed as

ions

an alpha particle is structurally the same thing as a

helium nucleus

the hydrogen to oxygen bond in a water molecule is a__bond

polar covalent

the study of the relationship between an organism and both tits biotic and abiotic environment is

ecology

the smallest part of an element that retains all the properties of that element is the

atom

the tendency of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a bond between itself and the atom of another element is called

electronegativity

when the chlorine bonds with calcium, it forms__bonds

ionic

the number of stable isotopes is __ than the number of radioisoptopes

much less than

researchers studying the effects of toxic wastes knew that animals were poisoned by the heavy metel cadmium, but they wanted to know where cadmium accumulated in the body. they could find out by:

tracing the movement of cadmium radioisotopes in test animals

researchers were studying a radioisotope of selenium in the livers of a population of whitetail dear. the purpose of their study was probably

to determine the biochemical pathways of selenium in liver function

kinosternidae

the family of the musk turtle

1.which is most polar?

2.which is least polar?

3.which is toxic waste produced in cells?

A) O B) H C) H D) S E) O=O

/ \ | | / \

H H N H--- C ---Cl H H

/ \ |

H H H

1.A)

2.C)

3.B)

what is a trace element in the human body?

iodine

atoms of different barium isotopes

have different numbers of electrons

when the protonn number and electron number are unequal, the atom molecule

can form ionic bonds

hydrogen bonding is most often seen

when hydrogen is covalently bonded to nitrogen and oxygen

this formula represents an amino acid

H2NC5H9O2

changing the number of __ would change an atom into an atom of a different element

protons in an atom

Rana is...

the genus of the bullfrog

a sodium ion has a mass number of 23. its atomic number is 11, and its charge is 1+. how many electrons does it have?

10

an acid is a substance that

donates hydrogen ions into solutions