Kaplan Pathophysiology B NGN Review Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover the pathophysiology concepts from the Kaplan B NGN notes, including disease symptoms, diagnostic markers, and clinical findings.

Hyperthyroidism

Condition characterized by significant weight loss, heat intolerance, difficulty sleeping, a Heart Rate of $110/\text{min}$, and an axially temperature of $99.5^{\text{F}}$ ($37.5^{\text{C}}$).

Hypocalcemia Clinical Findings

In the presence of pH $7.58$ and $CO_{2}$ $29\text{mmHg}$, assessment findings include numbness around the mouth, prolonged QT interval, finger spasm, and plamar flexion.

Dumping Syndrome

A condition following bariatric surgery that may result in hypoglycemia due to rapid insulin.

Medication Toxicity Risk Factors

Specific patient conditions that increase risk include Kidney disease, dehydration, and cirrhosis.

Retinal detachment

Suspected when an older adult reports painless loss of vision and a "curtain" effect over the visual field; priority diagnostic assessment is visual acuity measurements.

Addison disease

A condition where the adrenal glands are underachieve, causing low levels of cortisol and aldosterone.

Myasthenia graves (MG)

A condition resulting from incorrect activity from the thymus gland to developing immune cells and a decreased number of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) sites at the neuromuscular junction, causing facial muscle weakness and drooping eyelids.

Excessive Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Clinical observation resulting from a pituitary tumor that causes edema and weight gain.

AKI Diuresis Period

A phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) where the client may experience dehydration and uremic symptoms.

Non-small cell lung cancer

A nonmetastatic diagnosis group consistent with observations of Weight Loss and fatigue.

Myocardial infraction (MI) Priority Concern

In a client with increased troponin levels, the most concerning symptom is a decreases level of consciousness.

Heart Failure Assessment

Includes reports of difficulty breathing, peripheral edema, crackles in the lungs, blood pressure of $152/82\text{mmHg}$, and a heart rate of $105/\text{min}$.

Paralytic ileus

A postoperative condition characterized by abdominal distention, discomfort, absent bowel sounds in all four quadrants, and a Low serum potassium level.

Glomerulonephritis

A disease characterized by the pathophysiology of edema, hypertension, and elevated levels of proteinic the urine.

Calcium oxalate kidney stones

Formations whose likelihood is increased by decreased water consumption.

ST segment

The component of the electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform associated with possible injury to the myocardium.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A complication of type 1 diabetes involving a blood glucose level of $450\text{mg/dL}$ ($24.98\text{mmol/L}$), a postive urine ketone test, and kussmaul respiration, caused by a deficiency of exogenous insulin.

Metabolic alkalosis

An acid-base imbalance characterized by a pH of $7.55$, $PaCO_{2}$ of $44\text{mmHg}$ ($5.85\text{kPa}$), and $HCO_{3}$ of $32\text{mEq/L}$ ($32.00\text{mol/L}$).

Compensated shock

A response to blood loss often presenting with a history of peptic ulcer disease, bright red diarrhea, and a rapid heart rate.

Hypovolemic shock Clinical Indicators

Includes confusion and lethargy due to reduced oxygen delivery to the brain, and kidney dysfunction caused by decreased cardiac output and vasoconstriction.

Pre renal failure Risks

Conditions that increase risk include hypovolemic shock and Heart failure.

Cholecystitis Pain Mechanism

Occurs because fatty foods stimulate gallbladder contraction, causing right upper quadrant pain if bile ducts are obstructed or inflamed.

Septic shock Indicators

Findings including altered mental status, urine output of $15\text{mL/hour}$, and elevated blood glucose of $185\text{mg/dL}$ when blood cultures are positive for staphylococcus aureus.

Impaired kidney function

A clinical state consistent with a serum creatine level of $3.8\text{mg/dL}$ ($335.92\text{micro mol/L}$).

Fluid volume excess

A condition associated with increased B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), crackles, and sudden weight gain.

Primary hemostasis

The process involved in stopping bleeding through vasoconstrictrion and platelet aggregation.