Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Nervous System

The flashcards cover major vocabulary terms and definitions related to the nervous system as discussed in the Human Anatomy and Physiology I lecture notes.

Neuron

A nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses throughout the body.

Glia

Supporting cells in the nervous system that insulate and protect neurons.

Ganglion

A group of neuron cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system.

Myelin Sheath

A lipid-rich layer that surrounds the axon, increasing the speed of impulse conduction.

Cerebrum

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and movement.

Thalamus

A brain structure that relays information between the cerebrum and other parts of the nervous system.

Hypothalamus

A brain structure that controls the autonomic nervous system and hormone production.

Spinal Cord

The part of the central nervous system that extends from the brain and transmits signals to and from the body.

Reflex Arc

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action, consisting of a sensory neuron, interneurons, and a motor neuron.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A component of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The portion of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

Gray Matter

Regions of the nervous system that contain mostly neuronal cell bodies.

White Matter

Regions of the nervous system that contain mostly myelinated axons.

Sensory Neuron

A neuron that transmits sensory information to the central nervous system.

Motor Neuron

A neuron that transmits commands from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.

Meninges

Three layers of protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and nutrient transport.

Cerebellum

A brain structure that coordinates voluntary movements and maintains posture and balance.

Diencephalon

Part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus.