Early & High renaissance ; Jasper HS Humanities

the orders a bit skewed sorry

The Medici

-Wealthy family that overtook the state; fostered economic status and stability

-Commissioned numerous artists

-Were the richest but not the most powerful as religious authority were still held at the top

One point perspective

-Horizon line and vanishing point

-Centralizes focus

What greek value resurfaced?

Arete - Realization of full human potential

Cimabue

-From florence

-Heavy influence from byzantine art, however, was considered one of the first to break away from the Italo-Byzantine style

Chiascuro

Technique using light and shadow to contrast;

3D effect

Why did the renaissance start in Florence?

Growing class of merchants and bankers → economic prosperity + materialism;

Artists flourished from patronage of merchants and patrons (esp. Medici Family)

Grisaille

gray tone; typically to imitate sculpture

What are some major components of art in the Early Renaissance?

-Expression

-Realism (+Idealized)

-Balance (such as triangles)

-Perspective; depth

-Classicism (humanism)

What are 4 major philosophies found in the Renaissance?

-Secularism

-Humanism

-Individualism

-Skepticism

Secularism

Shift of focus from afterlife →present

“This life is worth living”

Humanism

-Educational and intellectual program of Renaissance

-Humans are no longer dictated by fate; we have a say

-Realistic and scientific approach to understand the world

Individualism

Individuals, not just groups of people, are worthy of accomplishments

Skepticism

Questioning and challenging of authority’s views

Especially important in the shift away from Catholic Church

Giotto

-Follower of Cimabue

-Anticipates shift →realism

-Utilized Chiascuro

-Painted Arena Chapel

Civic humanism

-Political oriented; encouraged public engagement

-Form of republicanism during Renaissance

-Writings of classical antiquity

Lamentation

Mourning of Christ, painted by Giotto

-Side characters are grieving

-Strikingly human yet isn’t a portrait nor stereotyped

Patron

a person who gives financial or other support to help their cause

In context of the Renaissance, these people paid artists

Petrarch

“Father of Humanism”

Copied Latin manuscripts, loved classics & antiquity

women in the renaissance

Chose between marriage, the convent, & pursuit of liberal arts education

Utilized Renaissance to advance intellectual status & speak their voice

Caterina Sforza

Dramatically defied societal norms about women

Like a female Petrarch; cunning

Christine de Pizan

Writer that advocated for women’s equality

Lucretia Marinella

The most extraordinary of women humanists; released numerous works

*Treatise The Nobility Excellence of women & defects & vices of men: criticizes men, calls out misogyny

sfumato

Technique involving fine shading →soft undetectable transitions in colors & tones

Jakob Burkhardt

Historian who argued that the Renaissance was a cultural rebirth of people breaking free of medieval religious control, exploring & expressing self identity

Titian

Iconic Renaissance painter w/ Western influence

-Vibrant colors, innovative compositions; expressive brushwork

Niccolo Machiavelli

• Florentine diplomat, author, philosopher, & historian

• Known for his political treatise “The Prince”

The Prince

• A short treatise on how to acquire power, create a state, & keep it.

• “It’s better to be feared than loved”