Def Psych Chapter 3

Emerging adulthood

The period between late teens and mid- to late-20s when individuals are not adolescents but are not yet fully adults.

Role Transitions

The act of assuming new responsibilities and duties.

Edgework

Desire to live life more on the edge through physically and emotionally threatening situations that are on the boundary between life and death.

Intimacy vs. isolation

Having a self-identity allows a young person to become intimate with another.

Lifestyle factors

Not smoking and drinking, having a balanced diet and being a healthy weight.

Addiction

Physical dependence on a substance accompanied by withdrawal symptoms in its absence.

Metabolism

How much energy the body needs.

Body mass index

w/h2

Social factors in health

Socioeconomic status and education.

Multidimensional intelligence

Identify several types of intellectual abilities.

Plasticity

Abilities can be modified under the right condition at any point in time.

Primary mental abilities

Groups of related intellectual skills.

Fluid intelligence

The abilities that make people flexible and adaptive thinkers, allow them to make inferences, and enable them to understand relations among concepts.

Crystallized intelligence

Knowledge acquired through life experience and education in a particular culture.

Post formal thought

Solutions must be realistic to be reasonable, correct answer may vary from situation to situation.

Reflective judgment

The way in which adults’ reason through real-life dilemmas.

Life-span construct

A unified sense of the past, present, and future based on personal experience and input from other people.

Scenario

Manifesting through the scenario; expectations about the future.

Life story

Revising one’s life story occurs both consciously and unconsciously.

Primary control

Behavior aimed at affecting the individual’s external world.

Secondary Control

Behavior or cognition aimed at affecting the individual’s internal world.

Wear-and-tear diseases

A degenerative disease caused by injury or overuse.

Perimenopause

The individually varying time of transition from regular menstruation to menopause.

Menopause

The point at which menstruation stops.

Stress and coping paradigm

Emphasizes the transactions between a person and his environment.

Immune function

A series of cognitive, motivational, and behavioral processes that help individuals cope with negative life events, reduce stress, and maintain well-being.

Aerobic exercise

Places moderate stress on the heart by maintaining a pulse rate between 60-90 of the person’s maximum heart rate.

Practical intelligence

The range of skills related to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical and social environments.

Expert

Everyone is an expert at something; work, sports, interpersonal relationships, we tend to select what areas we want to become experts in.

Lifelong learning

You never stop learning, need to know why they are learning something before undertaking it.

Five-Factor Trait Model

Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness

Personality adjustment and growth

Changes very little over 30 years.

Generativity

Being productive by helping others to ensure the continuation of society by guiding the next generation.

Mid-life correction

A period of reassessment and adjustment that some individuals experience during midlife.

Life transitions

Periods in life involving lots of change to your lifestyle.

Kin keeper

The person who gathers family members together for celebration and keeps them in touch with one another.

Empty nest

The grief that many parents feel when their children move out of home.

Sandwich generation

Middle-aged adults who are caught between the competing demands of two generations.

Filial obligation

A sense of obligation to care for one’s parents if necessary.

Caregiving

Brings parents and adult children closer together; provides a sense of “giving back”.

Grandparents

Most people become grandparents in there 40s or 50s.

Longevity

The number of years a person can expect to live.

Average vs. maximum life expectancy

Age at which half of people born in a particular year will have died; the oldest age to which any person lives.

Telomeres

Tips of chromosomes that shorten and break with age.

Reaction time

The speed with which a person can make a specific response.

Explicit memory

Deliberate and conscious remembering of information learned and remembered at a specific time.

Implicit memory

The unconscious remembering of information learned at an earlier point in time.

Episodic memory

Conscious recollection of information from a specific time or event.

Semantic memory

Remembering meanings of words or concepts not tied to a specific time or event.

Wisdom

Deals with important or difficult matters of life or the human condition.

Successful aging

Denotes a pathway through late life that focuses on positive outcomes through health and social engagement to achieve well-being.

Continuity theory

People tend to cope with daily life in later adulthood by applying familiar strategies based on past experience to maintain and preserve both internal and external structures.

Competence

Upper limit of a person’s ability to function in five domains.

Integrity vs. despair

The process in late life when people try to make sense of their lives.

Life review

The process by which people reflect on the events and experiences of their lifetimes.

Spiritual support

A type of coping strategy that includes seeking pastoral care, participating in organized and nonorganized religious activities, and expressing faith in a God who cares for people.

Retirement

Only become popular in the US after World War 2.

Frail older adults

Adults who have physical disabilities, are very ill, and may have cognitive or psychological disorders.

Activities of daily living (ADL)

Basic self-care tasks such as eating, bathing, toileting, walking, and dressing.

Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL)

Actions that require some intellectual competence and planning.

Assisted living

A supportive living arrangement for people who need assistance with ADLS or IADLS but who are not so impaired that they need 24-hour care.

Nursing home

Quality of life offered, quality of care, safety.

Immune Function

Series of cognitive, motivational, and behavioral processes that help individuals cope with negative life events, reduce stress, and maintain well-being.

Mindfulness

Based stress reduction

Sensorimotor (Infant

Learn new senses/ movement

pre-operational (Preschool)

Play thinking

Concrete operational (elementary)

Factual thinking

Formal Operation (Adolescence)

abstract thinking

Post- formed (Adulthood)

pratical thinking