Cells and Tissues

Mitosis phases

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis

epithelial tissue

Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters (skin surface; lining of GI tract organs and other hollow organs) avascular

Simple squamous

Forms membranes where filtration or exchange of substances by rapid diffusion occurs (air sacs of lungs, lining blood vessels, kidneys)

Simple cuboidal

secretion and absorption ( glands; ducts; ovaries surface)

Simple columnar

Absorption, secretion of lubricating mucus, enzymes (lines digestive tract)

stratified squamous

Needed in areas of high abuse/friction (outer part of skin; esophagus; mouth; vagina)

Stratified cuboidal & columnar

Fairly rare (ducts if large glands)

Connective tissue

Connects body parts, protects, supports, mainly vascularized

Extracellular matrix

Non living material that surrounds living cells

Fiber types

Collagen, elastin, reticular

Collagen

High strength

Elastin

Allows stretch and recoil

Reticular

Shorter fibers that have some give

Types of connective tissue

Bone, cartilage (hyalin, fibrocartilage, elastic), dense connective, loose connective (areolar, adipose, reticular), blood

Bone (osseous tissue)

Hard matrix (high collagen), well vascularized, located in bones

Hyaline Cartilage

Most common, supports and reinforces (end of long bones, embryonic skeleton, nose)

Fibrocartilage

Highly compressible, absorbs shock (vertebral disks, knee joint)

Elastic cartilage

Maintains shape while giving flexibility (epiglottis, external ear)

Dense connective

Collagen fibers with few elastic ones, forms tendons and ligaments, poor blood supply, attached muscle to bone or bone to bone (tendons and ligaments)

areolar (loose connective)

Forms a cobwebby tissue that cushions and protects organs, also holds them in place. (Packaging organs)

Adipose

Fat, insulates the body (under skin and surrounds organs)

Reticular

Supports other cell types of the immune system (lymphoid organs)

Blood

Vascular, transports gassed, nutrients, waste, aids in immune responses (blood vessels)

Muscle tissue

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

skeletal muscle

Has contractile unit called sarcomeres that relax and contract allowing muscles to move; voluntary, long, cylindrical, multiple nucleus and have striations

Cardiac muscle

Has striations, uninucleate, relatively short, branching and fit together at junctions called intercalated disks, involuntary

smooth muscle

No striations, single nucleus, pointed at each end, involuntary (walls of hollow organs to change the shape of one)

Nervous tissue

Send impulses to other areas of the body