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27 Terms
1
Biotechnology
Process of manipulating organisms, cells, or molecules to produce specific products.
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Hybridization
Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms.
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Inbreeding
Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics to maintain the derived characteristics of a kind of organism.
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Selective Breeding
Method of breeding that allows only those organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
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Clone
Member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell.
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Genetic Marker
Alleles that produce detectable phenotypic differences useful in genetic analysis.
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Plasmid
Small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria.
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
The techniques used by biologists to make many copies of a particular gene.
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Recombinant DNA
DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources.
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Transgenic
Term used to refer to an organism that contains genes from other organisms.
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DNA Fingerprinting
Tool used by biologists that analyzes an individual's unique collection of DNA restriction fragments; used to determine whether two samples of genetic material are from the same person.
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DNA Microarray
Glass slide or silicon clip that carries thousands of different kinds of single-stranded DNA fragments arranged in a grid. Used to detect and measure the expression of thousands of genes at one time.
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Forensics
Scientific study of crime scene evidence.
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Gene Therapy
Process of changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder; an absent or faulty gene is replaced by a normal working gene.