Science 10 - 3rd Periodical Exam

Male reproductive system

It is responsible for producing sperm cells and hormones. It is composed of several organs

Sperm cell

It is important to fertile an egg cell

testosterone

Responsible for the development of adult male characteristics

Penis

It is covered with foreskin that may be removed through circumcision and acts as a conduit for urine to leave the body

Glans

What is the term for the tip on the external male organ?

Scrotum

A pair of pouch-like sacs that supports the testes. It also controls its temperature.

Cooler

What must the temperature of the scrotum be in able to produce sperm cells?

Testicles

These are the glands that produce sperm cells and male sex hormones. It protrudes outside the body because the temperature inside the main body cavity is warmer and not suitable for the development of sperm cells

Testosterone

The male sex hormone

Epididymis

A narrow-coiled tube that stores immature sperm cells until they mature and where they are temporarily stored before their release

Urethra

The passageway of both urine from the urinary bladder and semen from the glands

Seminal vesicle

These are sac-like pouches attached to the vas deferens. It produces a sugar-rich fluid that provides energy to sperm cells motility

Vas deferens

A long muscular tube that serves as passageway of the sperm cells released from the testes. It also connects the testes to the seminal vesicle and urethra

Cowper’s gland or bulbourethral gland

One of the two pea-sized organs found beneath the prostate gland. It is responsible in releasing fluid that flushes out foreign matter and neutralizes the acidic urine in the urethra

Prostate gland

A walnut-size gland located between the bladder and the penis. It secrets fluid that nourishes and protects the sperm

Ovary

Contains undeveloped eggs which are present from birth.

2

how many ovaries does a female have?

Hormones

What does the ovary create in able to regulate the menstrual cycle?

Mature eggs

What does the ovary release as part of the menstrual cycle?

Oviduct

Two tubes which connect the ovaries to the uterus.

Fallopian tubes

Other term for the oviduct

Cilia

Hair like cells where oviduct is lined in able to help move the egg from the ovary to the uterus

Uterus

Muscular with a soft lining a fertilized egg can implant in its walls and develop from an embryo to a baby over the course of a pregnancy. The lining of the uterus wall comes away as a period if an egg is not fertilized by a sperm

Cervix

A ring of muscle which keeps the baby in the uterus during pregnancy. It dilates to open during labor

Vagina

A muscular tube which connects to the cervix outside the body. It is where the penis enters during sexual intercourse and where the baby exits the body during child birth. It is also where the menstrual blood leaves the body.

Labia Minora and Labia Majora

The two tubes in a Vagina

Menstrual cycle

the monthly natural changes in the female reproductive system in preparation for a possible pregnancy each month.

Menstruation

The process by which the inner lining of the uterus sheds and released outside the body through the vagina

Ovarian cycle

describes the development of ovarian follicles and ovulation

Uterine cycle

Describes the cycle changes in the endometrium in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized oocyte.

Follicular phase

The first half of the ovarian cycle that occurs during the first 14 days of the menstrual cycle. Begins on the first day of menstruation and ends in ovulation

Luteal phase

The second half of the ovarian cycle that occurs during day 14 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle. It begins after ovulation and ends when menstruation begins.

Menses phase

The beginning of a uterine cycle, during which the stratum functionalis i shed. Begins concurrently with the follicular phase and lasts for about 3-7 days.

Proliferative phase

During which the increase in estrogen levels in the blood causes the growth and regeneration of the endometrium. This phase occurs during day 6-14 to the menstrual cycle.

Secretory Phase

The last phase of the uterine cycle which begins at ovulation and ends when menstruation begins.

Thyroxine

The main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It plays vital roles in metabolism, heart and muscle function, brain development, and maintenance of bones.

Estrogen

Steroid hormone associated with the female reproductive organs and is responsible for developing female sexual characteristics.

Epinephrine or Adrenaline

A hormone your adrenal glands make to help you prepare for stressful or dangerous situations.

Double helix

The overall shape of a DNA which looks like a twisted ladder

Nucleotides

The repeating sub units in which the DNA strand is made of. These are known as the building blocks of DNA

Sugar, Phosphate and nitrogen base

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Hydrogen bonds

Responsible for the connections between the two strands of DNA between the nucleotide base pairs.

Covalent bond

Occur within each linear strand and strongly bond the bases, sugars, and phosphate groups

Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA

Ribonucleic acid

RNA

Guanin

G

Cytosine

C

Adenine

A

Thymine

T

Uracil

U