Communication Disorders

Order of the speech chain

Cerebration, respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation

Cerebration

Thinking of what to say

Respiration

Lungs provide force of air to set the vocal fold

Phonation

Sound produced when vocal folds vibrate

Resonation

Enhancing and dampening of sound

Articulation

Fine-tuning of he sound to make it clear and precise

Organic classification

Clear/known causes (structural problem)

Functional classification

“normal” anatomy but disorder persist

Excessive laryngeal tension, nerve damage, nodule/polyps, screaming

Organic causes of voice disorders

Speech muscle impairment, injury to brain

Organic causes of neurogenic communication disorders

Ruptured eardrum, genetic disorder, noise damage

Organic causes of hearing disorders

Aphonia

Absence of voice

Dsyphonia

Problem with voice

Screaming, Singing, Coughing, and Throat Clearing are all what kind of behaviors?

Phonotraumatic behaviors

Vocal Nodules

Small benign nodes the develop on vocal folds

Vocal Polyps

Unilateral masses on vocal folds

Cause of Vocal Nodules

Prolonged vocal abuse

Cause of Vocal Polyps

Single occurrence of vocal abuse

Components of Receptive Language

Listening, reading

Components of Expressive Language

Speaking, writinge

What type of Aphasia affects Broca’s Area?

Non-Fluent Aphasia

What type of Aphasia affects Wernicke’s Area?

Fluent Aphasia

Fluent Aphasia

Good speech production, poor understanding

Non-Fluent Aphasia

Poor speech production, good understanding

Difference between Aphasia & Dementia

Aphasia affects specifically language, Dementia involves widespread cognitive decline

What lobe does Wernicke’s Aphasia impair?

Temporal

What lobe does Broca’s Aphasia impair?

Frontal

Anosognosia

Denial of deficits

Functional Therapy

Uses everyday hobbies & activities to communicate

Process-Oriented Therapy

Uses drills for repetitive practice

Right Hemisphere Disorder characteristics

Left neglect, Verbosity (words>content), Tangential (personal comments)

Sustained Attention

Attend to specific stimuli

Selective Attention

Tune out distractors

Alternating Attention

Rapidly shift between one stimulus to another

Penetrating injury

Open head

Non-Penetrating injury

Closed head

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)

Repeated head trauma that later appears as brain damage