Week 1 - Tissues Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms related to tissues, matrix, and epithelial tissue types from the lecture notes.

Matrix (Extracellular Matrix)

A jelly-like substance composed mostly of water and interlocking fibers that acts as glue and scaffolding for the body, organizing cells into tissues and relaying chemical signals.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers organs and body surfaces, lines cavities and hollow organs, and makes up glands; it is avascular and classified by cell shape and arrangement.

Squamous Epithelium

Flat and scale-like epithelial cells.

Cuboidal Epithelium

Cube-shaped epithelial cells.

Columnar Epithelium

Epithelial cells that are higher than they are wide.

Transitional Epithelium

Epithelial cells with varying shapes that can stretch.

Simple Epithelium

A single layer of epithelial cells primarily involved in absorption, diffusion, and secretion.

Stratified Epithelium

Epithelial tissue consisting of two or more layers of cells that provide protection against mechanical and chemical stress.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A single layer of thin, flat cells found in diffusion and filtration sites, such as air sacs (alveoli) and capillaries.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A single layer of cube-shaped cells involved in secretion and absorption, lining kidney tubules and thyroid follicles.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of elongated cells, often with microvilli, cilia, and goblet cells, involved in secretion and absorption and lining the uterus, stomach, and intestines.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of cells that appears layered due to nuclei at different levels; often has cilia and goblet cells, providing protection from infection and lining respiratory passageways.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Many cell layers with outermost cells being squamous and deeper cells being cuboidal, providing a protective layer such as the outer layer of skin (epidermis) and lining the oral cavity.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Two to three layers of cube-shaped cells providing more protection than a single layer, lining ducts of mammary, sweat, and salivary glands.

Transitional Epithelium

Stratified epithelium found in areas subjected to stress, able to stretch.

Glandular Epithelium

Cells that produce and secrete substances into ducts or body fluids, forming endocrine and exocrine glands.

Endocrine Glands

Glands that secrete into tissue fluid or blood.

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete into ducts that open onto a surface.

Unicellular Gland

An exocrine gland composed of one cell, such as a goblet cell, which secretes mucus.

Multicellular Gland

An exocrine gland composed of many cells; can be simple or compound, such as sweat and salivary glands.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that binds structures together, provides support and protection, serves as frameworks, fills spaces, stores fat, produces blood cells, protects against infections, and helps repair tissue damage.

Fibrous Connective Tissue

A type of connective tissue including areolar, adipose, reticular, and dense fibrous tissues.

Areolar (Loose) Connective Tissue

Fibrous glue (fascia) that holds organs together; contains collagenous and elastic fibers plus a variety of cell types; the most widely distributed connective tissue type.

Adipose (Fat) Tissue

Tissue for lipid storage, metabolism regulation; brown fat produces heat; develops from areolar tissue.

Reticular Tissue

Delicate net of collagen fibers found in bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes.

Dense Fibrous Tissue

Tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagen fibers; an example is a tendon.

Bone Tissue

Connective tissue where the matrix is calcified, functioning as support and protection.

Histology

The study of tissues