AP Bio Unit 1 Set 1

Hypothesis

An explanation for one or more observations

Null Hypothesis

Predicts that the experiment will have no effect at all

Alternative Hypothesis

Predicts that the experiment has an affect

Experimental Group

Experiences the variable

Control Group

Not exposed to the variable

Negative Control Group

The expectation that there will be no effect

Positive Control Group

The expectation that there will be a known result

IV

The factor that gets manipulated

DV (DEPENDENT on the IV)

The outcome of the factor that you measure

Scientific Theory

The process used by scientists to ask questions in an ordered way

Constants

Variables that remain constant

Mean

The sum of all the variables divided by the number of the variables

Median

The middle number

Mode

A constant variable

Normal Distribution (Bell-shaped curve)

A data pattern where physical or physiological traits cluster symmetrically around an average value

Range

The size or width of the narrowest interval with data

Standard Deviation

Shows how far values are spread out from the mean

Standard Error of The Mean

How far a sample average is likely to be from the true average

Organic Molecule

Biological molecules that contain Carbon

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond in which two ions with opposite electrical charges associate with eachother because of the differences in change

Covalent Bond

When a pair of electrons are shared between two atoms

Polar Covalent Bond

When electrons are shared unequally

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

When electrons are shared equally

pH

Level of acidity

Cohesion

When water molecules stick with one another

Adhesion

When water molecules stick to other materials

Surface Tension

A measure of the difficulty of breaking the surface of a liquid

Capillary Action

The ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces against the force of gravity

Universal Solvent

Water

High Heat Capacity

A substance requires a large amount of thermal energy to change its temperature

Reactant

The starting materials in a reaction that undergo a chemical change

Hydrolysis

A chemical process where water is added to a compound to break its chemical bonds and split it into smaller parts

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction that joins two monomers to form a polymer by removing water