Unit 1 Organization

Anatomy

The study of the structures of the body

Physiology

The study of the function of those structures

Chemical level

Includes all elements and molecules essential for maintaining life, Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen.

Cellular level

All of the cells that make up a human body, cells are the smallest functional unit of the body.

Tissue Level

A collection of different types of cells for a specific purpose, the 4 types of tissues are muscle tissues, nerve tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue.

Organ level

Several types of tissues that come together for a specific function and shape

System level

Several types of organs coming together for a specific function, like your respitory system, urinary system.

Organism level

A collection of several types of systems to sustain life

Metabolism

Refers specifically to the two processes associated with turning nutrients into energy, the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body.

Anabolism

Making large molecules from smaller molecules, linking things together. This requires energy

Catabolism

Taking a molecule and breaking it apart, breaking bonds which releases energy.

Anatomical position

A diagram of a person facing forward so that all their body is visible. A pose with palms outward. The reference for things

Supine and Prone

Lying on your back and lying on your stomach

Ventral and Dorsal

Towards the front and towards the back

Superior and Inferior

Above or closer to the head, below or closer to the feet

Anterior and Posterior

Closer to the front, closer to the back

Medial and Lateral

Closer to the mid line, farther from the midline

Proximal and distal

On arms and legs, closer to the attachment, farther from the attachment

Midline

The line that runs through the middle of the body

Superifical and deep

Closer to the surface, further from the surface

Sagittal plane

Front to back, passes through the body (MRI)

Midsagittal plane

Right in the middle, passes through the body front to back

Transverse (Cross section)

Superior and inferior separation

Frontal (coronal)

Passes through the body right to left, left to right, anterior and posterior separation (xray)

Body cavities

cavities are filled with organs, space within the body

Dorsal cavity

Cavities found towards the back

Cranial Cavity

Dorsal cavity, contains brain

Spinal cavity

Dorsal cavity, contains spinal cord

Ventral cavity

Cavities towards the front

Thoracic Cavity

Contains the Pleural cavities for lungs, the mediastinum cavity for the heart, and the pericardial cavity also for the heart

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Contains the abdominal cavity, which contains the stomach, kidneys and liver. Also contains the pelvic cavity which contains the bladder and ovaries.

Right Upper Quadrant

Abdominopelvic quadrant which contains the liver, gal bladder, right kidney and large intestine.

Left Upper Quadrant

Abdominopelvic quadrant which contains the stomach, spleen, and pancreas

Right Lower Quadrant

Abdominopelvic quadrant which contains the appendix, bladder, and Uterian tubes

Left Lower Quadrant

Abdominopelvic quadrant which contains left ovary and parts of small intestine.

Homeostatis

The attempt of the body to maintain a constant internal environment

Stress

A state of threatened homeostasis due to stressors

Components of Feedback mechanism

Stimulus, a change or stressor in the environment. receptors, something that senses/receives that change in the environment. Control center, receives info from the receptor and sends it out to the effector. Effector, causes a change inside the body in response to information.

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

To maintain homeostasis is the main function, reverses original stimulus. Like blood glucose

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

Increases the stressors and response instead of reverting to maintain homeostasis, important but short lived.