Mechanisms of movement

1) Passive transport (Diffusion)

The movement of materials from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration (down its concentration gradient)

Osmosis

When water moves by diffusion through a membrane.

Hypertonic solution

Has the higher concentration of solutes. Cells placed in this solution WILL SHRIVEL.

Hypotonic solution

Has the lower concentration of solutes. Cells placed in this solution WILL SWELL

Isotonic solution

Have equal concentration of solutes. NO NET MOVEMENT OF WATER

Channel proteins

Have a tunnel that allows hydrophilic substances to pass through

Carrier proteins

Have an internal pocket that binds to the targeted molecule and brings it across the membrane.

2) Active transport

The movement of materials from a LOW concentration to a HIGH concentration (up its concentration gradient)