Homework 11 Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key vocabulary related to the structure and life cycle of viruses as discussed in the lecture notes.

Enveloped Virus

A virus that has a lipid bilayer envelope stolen from the host cell, surrounding its nucleocapsid.

Nonenveloped Virus

A virus that lacks an envelope, consisting only of nucleic acid (genome) and a protein coat (capsid).

Capsid

The protein shell that encases the viral genome; it can be helical or icosahedral in shape.

Genome

The genetic material of the virus, which can be double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or single-stranded RNA.

Bacteriophage

A type of virus that specifically infects bacteria.

Ligands

Molecules that bind to receptors, such as spike proteins or capsids of viruses that attach to host cell receptors.

Endocytosis

The process by which an animal virus enters a host cell, usually involving the engulfing of the virus by the cell membrane.

Assembly of Virus

The phase in the viral life cycle where structural proteins assemble to create the capsid and package the viral genome.

Release (Lysis)

The process by which viruses exit the host cell, often causing the cell to burst.

Budding

The process by which enveloped viruses are released from the host cell without lysing it, stealing part of the host's membrane in the process.

Temperate Virus

A virus that can either cause a lytic cycle or integrate its genome into the host's DNA in a lysogenic cycle.

Virulent Virus

A virus that quickly enters the lytic cycle, efficiently attaching to the host and using it to reproduce rapidly.