World History Chapter 12

In the 15th century, what did the Igbo people in West Africa have in common with the Iroquois League in North America?

Institutions for resolving conflict in the absence of a state

What was a principle underlying the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois League?

Limited government

After the 15th century, how did the Chinese state resolve the problem created by a growing population and land scarcity?

It made more intensive use of available land

Compare and contrast the Confucian revival in Ming China and the Renaissance in Europe.

Similarities
- both looked to the past for inspiration: China to the Han, Tang, and Song dynasties: Europe to classical Greece/Rome
- both produced art and literature representative of the period

Differences
- In China, the Confucican revival was in reaction to foreign influence
- In Europe, Renaissance artists and scholars sought inspiration from outside, in particular the Islamic world

What was a motivation for European Expansion but not for Chinese expansion in the 15th century.

To gain direct access to the wealth of Africa and Asia

Which groups in Western Europe supported overseas exploration, and infer their motivations?

Merchants saw opportunity for profit
- monarchs eyed the revenue that could come from taxing overseas
- Roman Catholic Church foresaw possibility of widespread conversion to Christianity
- Impoverished nobles had dreams of obtaining fame and fortune abroad

What best explains the existence of continuous trade routes across diverse faith regions in the 15th century?

The financial incentives provided by trade goods out weighed divisions over religious beliefs

What advantage did Muslim merchants have over their European and East Asian counterparts?

Islam's central postition between European and East Asian markets facilitated their exchanges with both regions

How was Islam introduced into Southeast Asia and West Africa?

By traveling merchants

What were the wars carried out by the Aztec Emprie linked to?

Human sacrifice

How did the Inca Empire's treatment of conquered peoples differ from that of the Aztec Empire?

Aztec
- demanded tribune, used prisoners and slave as human sacrifices in religious rituals

Inca
- created a bureaucracy to oversee people
- incorporated people into lower level of bureaucracy

How did women's lives in the Afro-Eurasian world compare to women’s lives in the Americas?

- in parts of Africa, women faced fewer restrictions
- in the Americas, a system of gender parallelism prevailed