Studied by 2 people
Patriarch/property marriage
oldest model of marriage in which women and children are owned by men
Breadwinner/homemaker marriage
a model of marriage that involves a wage-earning spouse supporting stay-at-home spouse and childern.
Family wage
an income, paid to a man, that is large enough to support a non-working wife and children.
Ideology of separate spheres
the idea that the home is a feminine space best tended by women and work is a masculine space best suited to men. (emereged only 100 years ago)
Heteronormative
promoted heterosexuality as the only or preferred sexual identity, making other sexual desires invisible or casting them as inferior (promoted by the breadwinner/homemaker model)
Mononormative
promoted monogamy, or the requirement that spouses have sexual relations only with each other.
Pro-natal
promoting childbearing and stigmatizing choosing to go child-free
Partnership unions
a relationship model based on love and companionship between equals.
Sexism
the production of unjust outcomes for people perceived to be biologically female (sex-based)
Androcentrism
the production of unjust outcomes for people who perform femininity (gender-based)
Subordinated masculinities
men who are seen as lesser based on the androcentric logic that masculine is better than feminine (These are men who are perceived as gay, weak, effeminate, or dominated by women)
Marginalized masculinities
These men are perceived to be sufficiently masculine but are considered lesser by virtue of another social identity. (Working-class men, for example, are stereotyped as overtly sexist and abusive. Likewise, Black and Hispanic men are stereotyped as hypersexual and prone to aggression.)
Hegemonic masculinity
the form of masculinity that constitutes the most widely admired and rewarded kind of person in any given culture
Second shift
the unpaid work of housekeeping and childcare that faces family members once they return home from their paid job
Time-use diary
a research method in which participants are asked to self-report their activities at regular intervals over at least twenty-four hours.
Ideal worker norm
the idea that an employee should devote themselves to their jobs wholly and without the distraction of family responsibilities
Greedy institutions
ones that take up a great deal of time and energy.
Shared division of labor
an arrangement in which both partners do an equal share of paid and unpaid work
Specialized division of labor
one in which one partner does more paid work than childcare and housework and the other does the inverse
Cult of domesticity
the idea that women could and should wholeheartedly embrace the work of making a loving home.
Ideology of intensive motherhood
the idea that children require concentrated maternal investment (insists that mothers should give their children close, hands-on attention, that it’s normal and good for this to drain most of a mother’s time and energy, and that children’s needs and)
Helicopter parenting
reflects and mocks the ideology of intensive motherhood expectation
Feminization of poverty
a concentration of women, trans women, and gay, bisexual, and gender-nonconforming men at the bottom of the income scale and a concentration of gender-conforming, heterosexual, cisgender men at the top.
Glass escalator
an invisible ride to the top offered to men in female-dominated occupations
Job segregation
the sorting of people with different social identities into separate occupations
Androcentric pay
a positive correlation between the number of men in an occupation relative to women and the wages paid to employees scale
Care work
work that involves face-to-face caretaking of the physical, emotional, and educational needs of others
Male flight
a phenomenon in which men start abandoning an activity when women start adopting it.
Stalled revolution
a sweeping change in gender relations that started but has yet to be fully realized.
Freedom/power paradox
A situation whereby women have more freedom than men but less power, and men have more power than women but less freedom
Domestic outsourcing
paying non-family members to do family-related tasks
Global care chains
a series of nurturing relationships in which the international work of care is displaced onto increasingly disadvantaged paid or unpaid workers.
