Mosquito pathogens L7

ARthopod -BOrne- VIRUSES

ARBOVIRUSES

Where do you get arboviruses

Mosquito, ticks, midges

Mosquito-borne parasites

Malaria

plasmodium

What is deposited in a mosquito bite

Saliva and virus

the i/s responds to both

mosquito saliva is

active and inflam.

Examples of Human ARBO

Dengue. Chikungunya, Zika, Yellow fever

Where do arbov replicate

high levels in the blood

like dense, urban environments

how are the vaccines

very few effective ones

problems with arbov.

• outbreaks hard to predict

• difficult to stockpile

• diagnosis?

• very wide spread

Arbov have _ genomes that replicate quickly int he cytoplasm

RNA ; enters cell through acidic PH mechanism

Dengue

• in >100 countires

• 40% of world population is at risk

Symptoms of Dengue

Fever

bleeding

organ failure

Zika

similar to dengue

large outbreak in the americas

Chikungunya causes

severe pain in joints and muscles

Arbo summary

• >500 viruses

• spreading to new regions

• Humans + livestock

• range of symptoms

• no drugs

where are most PRRs

Cell surface and cytoplasm

TLR agonists

Bact., viruses, fungus, protazoa

TLR outcomes

Cytokines, chemokines, type 1 IFN, co-stimulation, antimicrobials

RLR agonists

Viral, dsRNA

RLR outcomes

Anti-viral, peptides, IFNs, chemokines, cytokines

Type 1 IFN is an innate immune defence that stops

virus replication

How does adaptive immunity clear infection

CD8 and antibodies