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17 Terms

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Solvent
A fluid in which substances dissolve; in the human body, water is always the solvent.
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Solute
A substance that is dissolved; solutes can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
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Solution
A mixture consisting of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
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Covalent Bonding
The sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Ionic Molecules
Molecules formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in charged ions.
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Anabolic Reaction
A type of chemical reaction that involves the synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones (endergonic).
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Catabolic Reaction
A type of chemical reaction that involves the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones (exergonic).
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Exchange Reaction
A type of reaction in which two compounds exchange components to form new compounds.
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Potential Energy
Energy stored in an object due to its position or arrangement.
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Kinetic Energy
Energy associated with the motion of an object.
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Activation Energy
The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
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pH Scale
A logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Logarithmic Scale
A scale in which each increment represents a tenfold change.
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Monosaccharides
The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules.
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Disaccharides
Carbohydrates formed by the combination of two monosaccharides.
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Polysaccharides
Complex carbohydrates consisting of long chains of monosaccharide units.
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Amino Acids
The monomeric building blocks of proteins.