VOCAB

admiration (n) /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

sự ngưỡng mộ

=respect and warm approval

Ex: The Sonar and Radar pioneers didn't know it then, but all the world now knows that bats, or rather natural selection working on bats, had perfected the system tens of millions of years earlier, and their radar achieves feats of detection and navigation that would strike an engineer dumb with […].

1) head off
2) head off to somewhere

1) ngăn chặn điều gì xảy ra
ngăn chặn làm cho sb/sth quay lại hay đổi hướng
= intercept: chặn sb/sth đang di chuyển từ nơi này đến nơi khác
2) khởi hành đến 1 nơi nào đó

prey (n) /preɪ/

con mồi

obstacle (n) /ˈɑbstəkəl/

trở ngại, chướng ngại vật

=hurdle =barrier

a problem of their own making

vấn đề do chính bạn tạo ra

daytime economy = daytime trade

hoạt động ban ngày

exploited by

được khai thác, sử dụng

creature (n) /ˈkriʧər/

sinh vật

=a living thing, real or imaginary, that can move around, such as an animal

alternative (adj) /ɔlˈtərnətɪv/

thoroughly (adv) /ˈθʌrəli/

very much; completely

occupied (adj) /ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd/

đầy, hết chỗ trống

=in use and so not available for anyone else

favour (v) /ˈfeɪvər/

ủng hộ, ưu tiên, biệt đãi

=to support or prefer one particular possibility

make a go of

make a success of

cố gắng làm cho một điều gì đó thành công, thường là bằng cách làm việc chăm chỉ

nocturnal (adj) /nɑkˈtərnəl/

hoạt động về đêm

=being active or happening at night rather than during the day

Go way back / go back a long way

(idiom)
to have known someone for a long time

go way back in the ancestry

đã có từ xa xưa trong tổ tiên

dominate (v) /ˈdɑməˌneɪt/

thống trị/chi phối

=to control or have a lot of influence over somebody/something, especially in an unpleasant way

mammal /ˈmæm.əl/

đv có vú

mammalian (adj) /məˈmeɪljən/

thuộc về đv có vú

find ways of

tìm cách đạt được hoặc giải quyết vấn đề gì đó

scrape a living /skreɪp ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/

(idiom)
=to only just earn enough money to provide yourself with food, clothing, and a place to live

mysterious mass extinction of the dinosaurs

sự đại tuyệt chủng bí ẩn

emerge into the daylight

xuất hiện dưới ánh sáng ban ngày

substantial (adj) /səbˈstænʃəl/

đáng kể, quan trọng

=large, important; major, significant; prosperous; not imaginary, material

night-flying insects

côn trùng bay đêm

muddy (adj) /ˈmədi/

dính bùn, chứa bùn, đầy bùn

=covered by or containing mud (= wet, sticky earth)

Ex: Don't bring those […] boots inside!

scatter (v) /ˈskætə(r)/

rải, phân tán

=to throw or drop things in different directions

manoeuvre (n) /mə'nuːvər/

• thao tác: a movement performed with care and skill

Ex: a complicated/skilful […] (động tác phức tạp/khéo léo)

You will be asked to perform some standard […s] during your driving test.

• a clever plan, action or movement that is used to give somebody an advantage

  Ex: diplomatic/political […s] (động thái ngoại giao/chính trị)

• cuộc diễn tập

  Ex: The army is on […s] in the desert. (đang diễn tập)

obstruct (v) /əbˈstrəkt/

chắn, cản trở =block
Ex: it is […] and scattered by the dirt in the water.

manufacture (v) /ˌmænjəˈfækʧər/

sản xuất, tạo ra =to produce goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines

lantern (n) /ˈlæntərn/

đèn lồng =a light inside a container that has a handle for holding it or hanging it up, or the container itself
Ex: Our hosts provided us each with a candle-lit paper […] to carry.

searchlight (n) /ˈsərˌʧlaɪt/

đèn pha rọi =a device that puts out a very bright beam of light and can turn in any direction

mate (n) /meɪt/

= friend
= the sexual partner of a bird or animal

prohibitive (adj) /proʊˈhɪbətɪv/

quá nhiều, tốn kém

=too much, excessive

Ex: This doesn't require a […] amount of energy.

pinprick (n) /ˈpɪnprɪk/

một lượng rất nhỏ, đặc biệt là ánh sáng =a very small amount of something, especially light
Ex: The darkness was broken by the tiny […] of light

odd (adj) /ɒd/

• strange or unusual

• (in compounds): […]-looking

• (of numbers) that cannot be divided exactly by the number two
  Ex: 1, 3, 5 and 7 are […] numbers.
  Each section may have an […] or even number of players.

• not regular/often: the […] [only before noun] mistake

• not matching: not with the pair or set that it belongs to

• approximately or a little more than the number mentioned
  Ex: He's worked there for twenty-[…] years.

fraction (n) /ˈfrækʃən/

một phần nhỏ =a small part of something, or a small amount
Ex: Only a small […] of a bank's total deposits will be withdrawn at any one time.

bounce off (v) /baʊns ɔf/

phản xạ/phản chiếu =if light or sound bounces off a surface, it hits it and then moves away from it again

immensely (adv) /ˌɪˈmɛnsli/

extremely

headlight (n) /ˈhɛˌdlaɪt/

đèn pha =a large, powerful light at the front of a vehicle, usually one of two

illuminate (v) /ɪˈluːmɪneɪt/

chiếu sáng =to light something and make it brighter

uncanny (adj) /ənˈkæni/

kỳ lạ, không tự nhiên =strange and difficult to explain
Ex: Blind humans sometimes seem to have an […] sense of obstacles in their path

facial vision

thuật ngữ y học, chỉ khả năng nhận thức chướng ngại vật mà không cần đến thị lực =an awareness of obstacles independent of vision that is often considerably developed in blind persons and probably dependent on tactile perception of reflected sound waves
Ex: Blind people report that so-called '[…]' is comparable to the sensation of touch on the face (xúc giác trên mặt)

tricycle (n) /ˈtrɪsɪkəl/

xe đạp 3 bánh =a vehicle similar to a bicycle, but with one wheel at the front and two at the back

sensation (n) /sɛnˈseɪʃən/

cảm giác (khi bị tác động bởi hoàn cảnh bên ngoài) =a feeling that you get when something affects your body

phantom limb (n) /ˈfæntəm lɪm/

thuật ngữ y học, diễn tả hiện tượng bộ phận cơ thể đã mất đi (ví dụ tay chân đã bị cưa) nhưng vẫn có cảm giác đau =the feeling that an arm or a leg that has had to be removed is still there

echo (n) /ˈɛkoʊ/
(plural) echoes

âm thanh dội lại, tiếng vọng =a sound that is heard after it has been reflected off a surface such as a wall or a cliff

principle (n) /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

nguyên tắc, nguyên lý =a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works

pioneer (n) /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/

a person who is one of the first people to do something

feat (n) /fit/

kỳ công, thành quả =something difficult needing a lot of skill, strength, courage, etc. to achieve it

echolocation (n) /ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/

sự định vị bằng tiếng vang =a process in which animals, for example bats (= small animals with wings that fly at night), find their way in the dark by producing sound waves that echo (= are heard again) when they are reflected off an object

coin (v) /kɔɪn/

tạo ra/đặt ra một từ/cách diễn đạt mới =to invent a new word or expression, or to use one in a particular way for the first time

ancestry (n) /ˈænsɛstri/

tổ tiên, dòng họ, họ =the family or the group of people that you come from

substantial (adj) /səbˈstænʃəl/

đáng kể, quan trọng

=large in size, value, or importance

underlying (adj) /ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ/

cơ bản, nền tảng =used to describe something on which something else is based

navigation (n) /ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən/

sự định vị =the act or science of finding a way from one place to another

accountability (n) /əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti/

trách nhiệm giải trình =the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked

civilization (n) /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/

nền văn minh =human society with its well developed social organizations, or the culture and way of life of a society or country at a particular period in time
Ex: Some people think that nuclear war would mean the end of […].

entwine with (v) /ɛntˈwaɪn wɪθ/

usually passive
liên kết chặt chẽ =closely connected or unable to be separated
Ex: The history of human civilisation is […] the history of the ways we have learned to manipulate water resources.

manipulate (v) /məˈnɪpjuleɪt/

làm chủ, điều khiển, thao túng =to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly
[…] somebody into something/into doing something

gradually (adv) /ˈgræʤuəli/

slowly

remote (adj) /rɪˈməʊt/

• place: far away from places where other people live
  Ex: The site is […] from major population centres.

• time: far away in time
  Ex: in the […] past/future; a […] ancestor (= who lived a long time ago)

• relatives: [only before noun] (of people) not closely related
  Ex: a […] cousin

• working: used to describe working away from a usual place, using communications technology
  Ex: […] working/ learning; Many people are working in […] or hybrid environments

• computer/system: that you can connect to from far away, using an electronic link
  Ex: a […] terminal/database/serve

• very different from something
  Ex: His theories are somewhat […] from reality

• not friendly
  Ex: When he spoke, his voice was cold and […]

• very small
  Ex: There is still a […] chance that they will find her alive

sophisticated (adj) /səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtəd/

tinh vi, phức tạp =intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks

sophisticate (n) /səˈfɪstɪkət/

người tinh vi

aqueduct (n) /ˈækwɪdʌkt/

cầu dẫn nước =a structure for carrying water, usually one built like a bridge across a valley or low ground

At the height of the Roman Empire

Vào thời kỳ đỉnh cao của Đế chế La Mã

occupant (n) /ˈɒkjəpənt/

• cư dân =someone who lives in a particular place

  Ex: He is the sole […] of the house. (người duy nhất sống trong ngôi nhà)

• a person in a car, room, seat, place, or position

  Ex: The last […] of the post of senior vice president was John Burton. (Người cuối cùng giữ chức phó chủ tịch cấp cao…)

  The front-seat […] is required by law to wear a seatbelt. (Theo luật, người ngồi ghế trước phải thắt dây an toàn)

industrial (adj) /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/

thuộc về công nghiệp

revolution (n) /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/

• cuộc cách mạng
  Ex: a socialist […]

  a cultural/social/scientific […]

  the digital/technological […]

• a complete circular movement around a point
  Ex: The revolution of the earth around the sun takes one year

dramatically (adv) /drəˈmætɪkli/

suddenly, obviously

unprecedented (adj) /ʌnˈpresɪdentɪd/

chưa có tiền lệ =never having happened or existed in the past

Ex: This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an […] scale. (Thế kỷ này đã chứng kiến ​​sự tàn phá môi trường ở quy mô chưa từng có)

We’ve entered an age of […] prosperity. (Chúng ta đã bước vào thời đại thịnh vượng chưa từng có)

monumental (adj) /ˌmɒnjuˈmentl/

• mang tính tượng đài: very important and having a great influence, especially as the result of years of work

  =historic
  Ex: Gibbon's […] work 'The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'

• [only before noun] lớn lao, đồ sộ: very large, good, bad, stupid,…

  =major

  Ex: We have a […] task ahead of us.
  Rebuilding the bridge proved to be a […] job.

irrigation (n) /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/

(uncountable)

• sự tưới tiêu =the practice of supplying water to an area of land through pipes or channels so that crops will grow

• (medical) the process of washing out a wound or part of the body with a flow of water or liquid
  Ex: colonic […] /kəˈlɒn.ɪk/ (làm sạch đại tràng)

hydropower (n) /ˈhaɪdrəʊpaʊə(r)/

thủy năng

=hydroelectricity

=hydroelectric power (= the production of electricity by the force of fast moving water)

keep pace with

(idiom)
theo kịp =to move, increase, change at the same speed as somebody/something

pace (n) (idiom)

• nhịp độ (sigular, uncountable)
  Ex: to set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely […]
  The ball gathered […] (= increased in number) as it rolled down the hill.
  Aisha slowed her […] to a walk.
  I prefer the relaxed […] of life in the country.

• stand a […]: không chịu được

• The novel lacks […] (= it develops too slowly).

at a snail's pace

(idiom)
very slowly

force the pace

(idiom) (especially British English)
ép buộc ai đó hoặc một tình huống phải diễn ra nhanh hơn bình thường
Ex: The demonstrations have succeeded in forcing the pace of change.

go through your paces/ show your paces

(idiom)
to make someone show their skills or knowledge, or to make something show its good qualities
Ex: We watched the horses going through their paces.

off the pace

(idiom) (in sport)
không theo kịp
Ex: The winner finished in 4 minutes, 30 seconds, and the next runner was three seconds off the pace (Người về nhất hoàn thành trong 4 phút 30 giây, và người chạy tiếp theo chậm hơn ba giây so với tốc độ dẫn đầu)
Last year's champion is still three shots off the pace (Nhà vô địch năm ngoái vẫn chậm hơn 3 gậy so với người dẫn đầu)

set the pace

dẫn đầu
Ex: The company is no longer setting the pace in the home computer market.
Willis set the pace for the first mile (in a race).

put somebody/something through their/its paces

thử tài, thử sức (đưa ai/điều gì vào một cuộc kiểm tra/ thử nghiệm/trải nghiệm để khám phá người/ điều đó)
Ex: We sent our reporter to put Ford's newest model through its paces (… gửi người đánh giá đến để kiểm tra mẫu xe mới nhất..)

artificial (adj) /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/

nhân tạo =made by people, often as a copy of something natural
Ex: the expansion of […] irrigation systems

spin round/around

to rotate or move in a circular motion

inferior (adj) /ɪnˈfɪəriə(r)/

• chất lượng kém
  Ex: Modern music is often considered [..] to that of the past.

• cấp bậc thấp
  Ex: an […] officer <> superior

reiterate (v) /riˈɪtərˌeɪt/

nhắc lại =to say something again, once or several times
Ex: The government has […] its refusal to compromise with terrorists.

two and a half billion

2,5 tỷ

adequate (adj) /ˈædɪkwət/

đầy đủ

=enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose

= sufficient

+ for sth

+ to do sth

<> in[…]

fall behind

tụt lại, tụt hậu
Ex: We are […] in efforts to solve these problems

policy (n) /ˈpɑləsi/

chính sách =a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party

extend beyond

to relate to or include somebody/something

jeopardize (v) /ˈdʒepədaɪz/

làm hại, gây tổn hại

=to risk harming or destroying something/somebody

=endanger

force (n,v) /fɔːs/

• (v) ép buộc

• vũ lực (uncountable)

  Ex: The release of the hostages could not be achieved without the use of […]. (Việc giải cứu con tin không thể thực hiện được nếu không sử dụng vũ lực)
  plans to seize power by […] of arms = by military […]. (kế hoạch giành chính quyền bằng vũ lực)

• lực (một thứ va vào thứ khác) TOPIC: Physics and chemistry
  Ex: the […] of the explosion/impact (lực của vụ nổ/va chạm)
  She hits the ball with amazing […] for someone so small. (Cô ấy đánh bóng với lực mạnh đáng kinh ngạc so với một người nhỏ bé như vậy)

compensation (n) /ˌkɒmpenˈseɪʃn/

something, especially money, that somebody gives you because they have hurt you, or damaged something that you own; the act of giving this to somebody

• to claim/award/receive […]
  Ex: The employer has a duty to pay full […] for injuries received at work.
• to receive £10 000 in […]

reservoir (n) /ˈrɛzəvˌwɑr/

hồ/bể chứa nước (a natural or artificial lake)

withdrawal (n) /wɪθˈdrɔəl/
withdraw (v)

việc lấy, việc rút cái gì =the act of moving or taking something away or back

• Topic Money (count): You can make […s] of up to $250 a day.
• Topic Social Issues, Health Problems (uncount): the period of time when somebody is getting used to not taking a drug that they have become addicted to, and the unpleasant effects of doing this
  • I got […] symptoms after giving up smoking.
  • She was still suffering […] from nicotine.
• the act of saying that you no longer believe that something you have previously said is true
  = retraction
  Ex: The newspaper published a […] the next day.

retraction (n) /rɪˈtrækʃn/

• (count) a statement saying that something you previously said or wrote is not true
  Ex: He demanded a full […] of the allegations against him. (Anh ấy yêu cầu rút toàn bộ những cáo buộc chống lại mình)
• (uncount) the act of pulling something back
  Ex: the retraction of a cat's claws

free-flowing river ecosystems

chảy tự do