Exam 2 CPO2001

Which of the following is true of economies in developed democracies?

They tend to have less of their economy devoted to industrial production.

The most common form of electoral system in use in developed democracies is

proportional representation

What is the chief advantage that the categories “developed democracies,” “communist and postcommunist countries,” and “developing countries” might have over the three-worlds approach?

It allows for the possibility that a country might transform and take on a new designation.

Which of the following best characterizes the role of freedom across developed democracies?

There are significant differences in the definitions and applications of civil rights and liberties.

Most developed democracies share a similar commitment to what economic system?

capitalism

Some scholars suggest that developed democracies are undergoing significant social, political, and economic changes, becoming

postmodern

The process by which states pool their sovereignty, surrendering some individual powers in exchange for political, social, or economic benefits, is known as

integration

The European Union was created as a response to the

destruction caused by world war I and world war II

What is an intergovernmental system?

It is an organization where member states cooperate but are not bound by the decisions of the organization.

Which of the following statements best describes the nature of integration as it has developed in the European Union?

It integrated through a series of incremental agreements negotiated over several decades, including as recently as the 2000s.

European Union expansion in the twenty-first century has primarily occurred in which part of Europe?

eastern europe

Postmodern values tend to emphasize which of the following?

quality of life

Immigrants to Europe primarily come from ________, whereas immigrants to North America primarily come from ________.

North Africa and the Middle East; Latin America and East Asia

An economy based primarily on the service sector is known as

postindustrial

The most important demographic change that will affect developed democracies in the decades ahead is

the growth in the elderly population due to longer lifespans.

The viability of the welfare state is most challenged by

increasingly old populations

Which of the following statements about European Union expansion in recent decades is accurate?

Expansion has been accompanied by immigration westward and company relocation eastward.

A worker believes that his company does what is in the best interests of the workers because that is what the company tells him. This is an example of

false consciousness

The individual primarily associated with the original articulation of the political theory of communism is

karl marx

According to Marx, the surplus value of labor referred to

the additional value that the maker of an object adds to it when working on it.

Which of the following was a partial explanation for the collapse of the Soviet Union?

The reemergence of costly Cold War struggles with the United States led to economic instability.

For Marx, which of the following was most important for explaining all human action?

economics

The bourgeoisie are the

property owning middle class

In communist regimes such as the Soviet Union, most of the political authority and the management of the economy is run by

the party-state

The purpose of the Central Committee in the Soviet communist system was to

act as a legislature, confirming party leadership’s decisions.

How `did the Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries fare at eliminating poverty and inequality?

There was more economic equality but benefits were not evenly distributed throughout society.

What was shock therapy?

a series of proposed economic reforms that would convert postcommunist countries rapidly over to a free market system

Lenin’s term for the group of people who would need to carry out revolution in a less advanced country is the

vanguard of the proletariat

The “cabinet” of the Communist Party as developed in the Soviet Union is generally known as the

politburo

Politically sensitive or influential jobs in the state, reserved for people approved by the Communist Party as developed in the Soviet Union, are known as the

nomenklatura

The purpose of glasnost was to

encourage moderate change and foster legitimacy for the Soviet regime.

Gorbachev’s perestroika was concerned with

economic and political reforms

In which of the following ways do postcommunist success stories like Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic differ from countries with less successful records like Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia?

They have a greater precommunist history of healthy civil society.

Communist ideology worked to

suppress ethnic and national identities

The borders of most current African states were drawn by colonial powers according to

longitude and latitude

Countries that are experiencing rapid economic growth and democratization are generally known as ________ countries.

middle income

When we refer to “developing countries” we mean which two categories?

middle and lower income countries

Countries that are experiencing weak economic and political development are known as ________ countries.

lower income

The term for the physical occupation of a foreign territory through military force, businesses, or settlers is

colonialism

Which of the following best describes the effects of the imposition of the state on imperial territories?

The effects were mixed, with some people experiencing better education and transportation facilities but others suffering from the eroding of traditional religions and customs.

Tariff and nontariff barriers are key tools most important to which economic strategy?

import substitution

Import substitution is most closely related to which of the following political-economic systems?

mercantilism

After World War II, many countries in Asia discarded import substitution and opted for a form of economic development known as

export-oriented industrialization

A system wherein a state extends its power in order to directly control territory, resources, and people beyond its borders is known as

imperialism

Imagine a country sends its troops across the ocean to seize control of another territory. It sends people to live there and to start businesses there, all while controlling the economies and governance of the territory. This is best an example of

colonialism

Some observers of less-developed countries use the term ________ to describe the unequal economic relationship between those countries and the former imperial power which used to control their territory.

neocolonialism

Policies supported by the International Monetary Fund and World Bank to increase economic liberalization in less-developed countries are often referred to as the

washington consensus

Policies that require countries to privatize state-run firms, end subsidies, reduce tariff barriers, shrink the size of the state, and welcome foreign investment are sometimes known as

structural adjustment programs

Which of the following can be said about the effects of imperialism on gender roles?

It is difficult to generalize about the effects on gender roles, but in many countries imperialism likely made gender roles more fixed.

Organized life outside of the state that is often seen as critical to democracy and political stability is known as

civil society

One of the major criticisms of microfinance or microcredit is that the

loans do not help grow businesses that can hire employees

Which of the following might be a Washington Consensus policy recommendation to a less-developed country that would be opposed by a supporter of import substitution policy?

reducing the size of the state

What is foreign direct investment?

It is the purchase of assets in a country by a foreign firm.

In what way is the Internet unlike a typical international regime?

It has no norms that lead to a specific goal.

Which of the following is an example of an international regime?

States very rarely use biological and chemical weapons in warfare based on the norm that they are immoral and the rules laid out in several treaties.

One important impact of globalization on the study of politics is that it

blurs the lines between domestic politics and international relations

Greenpeace is a good example of a

nongovernmental organization

In which of the following ways did the Bretton Woods system differ from the Washington Consensus?

It created important, formal international organizations, rather than only creating policies and recommendations.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership was intended to liberalize trade across which regions?

Asia and Latin America

In the process of historical globalization, the late nineteenth century saw the rise of the first

NGOs and IGOs

Which of the following is an example of foreign direct investment?

Volkswagen, a German auto manufacturer, builds a factory in Mexico

The United States recently abandoned its intentions to sign which trade agreement?

the Trans-Pacific Partnership

In which of the following ways has sovereign authority reasserted itself over the last decade?

state censorship of internet websites by some states

What is the name of the process that creates intensive and extensive international connections, changing traditional relationships of time and space?

globalization

In his work The Economic Consequences of the Peace, economist John Maynard Keynes describes a period that seems to have many similarities to the current state of globalization. Which of the following is that period?

the period before World War I

Which of the following is an example of a multinational corporation?

Apple, Inc.

Which of the following statements best describes a major concern of those who believe globalization will be detrimental to social progress?

Globalization has demonstrated that it can inspire increased levels of violent fundamentalism.

Over the past two decades

cell phone penetration and broadband internet access has reached high levels even in developing countries.

In which of the following ways does the study of societal globalization differ from that of political globalization?

It focuses on the formation of civil society that stretches beyond borders.

Rather than a universal process of economic deepening across the globe, much of what we think of as globalization is simply the

integration of China into the global market.

What is the main purpose of the World Bank?

to provide loans and technical assistance to developing countries