Ch. 4 Tissue Worksheet Study Guide

Vocabulary practice cards detailing various animal tissues, their cellular compositions, locations in the body, and physiological functions.

Neural Tissue

Tissue containing neurons and supporting neuroglia that detects stimuli, processes information, and conducts electrical impulses; located in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Skeletal Muscle

Long, cylindrical, striated, multinucleate fibers attached to bones and sometimes skin; responsible for voluntary body movement, posture, and heat production.

Cardiac Muscle

Branched, striated cells with one central nucleus and intercalated discs; located in the myocardium of the heart and pumps blood involuntarily.

Smooth Muscle

Spindle-shaped, nonstriated cells with one central nucleus; located in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels for involuntary movement of materials and control of tube diameter.

Simple squamous epithelium

One layer of flat cells found in the alveoli, endothelium of vessels, and mesothelium; facilitates rapid diffusion, filtration, and reduced friction.

Simple cuboidal epithelium

One layer of cube-shaped cells found in kidney tubules, small gland ducts, and the ovary surface; functions in secretion and absorption.

Simple columnar epithelium

One layer of tall cells that may contain goblet cells and microvilli; located in the digestive tract, gallbladder, and ciliated uterine tubes for absorption and secretion.

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

One layer appearing multilayered and often ciliated with goblet cells; located in the trachea and upper respiratory tract to secrete and move mucus.

Stratified squamous epithelium

Many layers with flat apical cells, which can be keratinized or nonkeratinized; located in the epidermis, mouth, esophagus, and vagina for protection from abrasion and pathogens.

Transitional epithelium

Multiple layers with rounded surface cells that flatten when stretched; found in the urinary bladder, ureters, and proximal urethra.

Endocrine Glands

Secretory epithelial cells that release hormones into interstitial fluid and blood without ducts; includes the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreatic islets.

Exocrine Glands

Secretory epithelial cells that release products through ducts onto surfaces or into passageways; includes sweat, salivary, sebaceous, mammary, and digestive glands.

Bone Tissue

Consists of osteocytes in lacunae, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts; supports and protects, provides levers for movement, stores minerals and fat, and houses marrow.

Blood

Contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in plasma; transports gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and heat, and provides immune defense and clotting.

Hyaline cartilage

Contains chondrocytes in lacunae and chondroblasts; provides firm support and smooth joint surfaces in articular surfaces, costal cartilage, nose, trachea, and fetal skeleton.

Elastic cartilage

Contains chondrocytes in lacunae and chondroblasts; provides flexible support that maintains shape in the external ear and epiglottis.

Fibrocartilage

Contains chondrocytes in lacunae and chondroblasts; provides strong support, resists compression, and absorbs shock in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci.

Loose areolar connective tissue

Contains mixed collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers; wraps and cushions, binds epithelium, and holds tissue fluid under epithelia and around organs.

Adipose tissue

Composed of adipocytes; functions in energy storage, insulation, padding, and endocrine signaling; located in the hypodermis and around kidneys and eyes.

Reticular tissue

Contains reticular cells and reticular fibers; forms a soft internal framework (stroma) in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

Dense regular connective tissue

Contains parallel collagen bundles; provides strong attachment and resists pulling in one direction; found in tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses.

Dense irregular connective tissue

Contains irregularly arranged collagen bundles; provides strength in many directions; found in the dermis and fibrous capsules of organs and joints.

Elastic connective tissue

Contains abundant elastic fibers; allows recoil after stretching and maintains pulsatile flow in the walls of large arteries and bronchial tubes.

Mucous membrane (mucosa)

Epithelium over areolar connective tissue (lamina propria) that lines cavities and passageways opening to the exterior, such as the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Serous membrane (serosa)

Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) over thin areolar connective tissue; lines closed ventral body cavities like the pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum.

Cutaneous membrane

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium attached to dense irregular connective tissue; covers the external surface of the body (skin).

Synovial membrane

A connective tissue membrane mainly of areolar tissue with specialized synoviocytes and no true epithelium; lines freely movable joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths.