Graphic Reproduction Laboratory Experiments

Vocabulary flashcards based on the Graphic Reproduction Laboratory Experiments, covering key terms and concepts related to darkroom equipment and photographic processes.

Vertical Process Camera

A camera with two parallel planes for taking photographs, with the copy held by vacuum and the optical axis vertical.

Contact Printer

A device that produces negatives and positives of equal size through direct contact with light-sensitive emulsion.

Enlarger

A device used to enlarge images, utilizing a light source to project an image onto photographic paper.

Focal Plane

The plane of focus in a camera where the image is clearly represented.

Copy Plane

The plane in a vertical process camera that holds the copy being photographed.

Tungsten Halogen Lamp

A light source commonly used in photography and darkroom equipment.

Developing Solution

A chemical solution used to convert latent images on film into visible images.

Hydroquinone

A slow but effective developing agent used in photographic development.

Metol

An energetic developing agent that reacts quickly to create images on film.

Preservative

An agent added to developing solutions to prevent oxidation of the developer.

Anhydrous Sodium Sulphite

A preservative used in developing solutions to control oxidation.

Accelerator

A substance added to developing solutions to increase pH and ionization of developing agents.

Sodium Carbonate

An alkali used as an accelerator in developing solutions.

Antifoggants

Substances added to prevent unwanted fogging on photographic images during development.

Potassium Bromide

An antifoggant used in developing solutions to control chemical fog.

Exposure

The process of exposing film to light to create a latent image.

Stop Bath

A solution that halts the development process by neutralizing remaining developer on film.

Fixing Solution

A chemical solution that removes unexposed silver halide crystals from developed film.

Run-off Washing

A cleaning method for film that removes absorbed chemicals to prevent fogging.

Continuous Tone

A photographic image without distinct separation into light and dark areas.

Line Negative

A photograph that represents outlines and fine details typically used as a template.

Film Positive

A developed photograph from a negative that portrays an image on light-sensitive paper.

Halftone

A printing method that reproduces images using dots of varying sizes.

Lithography

A printing process that uses a flat surface and relies on the mutual rejection of oil and water.

Condenser

A lens used in enlargers to focus light more evenly over the photographic paper.

Emulsion

A light-sensitive layer on photographic film where images are captured.

Negatives and Positives

Negatives are inversed images that must be developed from exposed film; positives are the final images printed from negatives.

Light Table

A table used to view film negatives and positives with backlighting for clarity.

Chemical Fog

Unwanted gray or cloudy areas in photographs due to improper development.

Agitation

The movement of film in chemical solutions to ensure even exposure to the developing agents.

Continuous Tone Bromide Photograph

A photograph created from a continuous tone negative that shows smooth gradations.

Photomechanical Process

A technique that produces images using mechanical means rather than chemical.

Light-sensitive Emulsion Sheet

A sheet coated with light-sensitive material used in contact printing.

Filmboard

The surface on which film is mounted during the photographic development process.