Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner's Book 6 - Vocabulary

A comprehensive list of mathematical vocabulary terms and definitions from the Cambridge Primary Mathematics Learner's Book 6.

million

A number equal to one thousand thousands and written as $1\,000\,000$. It can also be expressed as $10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10 \times 10$.

factor

A whole number that divides exactly into another number; for example, $1$, $2$, $3$ and $6$ are factors of $6$.

multiple

A number that can be divided exactly by another number. These are found by starting at $0$ and counting up in steps of the same size.

odd number

Numbers that are not divisible by $2$ and end in $1$, $3$, $5$, $7$ or $9$.

even number

Numbers that are divisible by $2$ and end in $2$, $4$, $6$, $8$ or $0$.

prime number

A number that has exactly two different factors: itself and $1$. Note that $1$ is not a prime number as it only has one factor.

sequence

An ordered set of numbers, shapes or other mathematical objects arranged according to a specific rule.

step

The 'jump size' between numbers in a mathematical sequence.

term

One of the individual numbers belonging to a sequence.

rule

Instructions that tell you how things or numbers in a sequence are connected.

millimetre (mm)

A unit for measuring length where there are $10\,mm$ in $1\,cm$.

centimetre (cm)

A unit for measuring length where there are $100\,cm$ in $1\,m$.

metre (m)

A unit for measuring length where there are $1000\,m$ in $1\,km$.

kilometre (km)

A unit for measuring long distances equal to $1000\,m$.

time zone

An area of the world with a common time; there are $24$ time zones globally.

universal time

The time standard originally measured at Greenwich, England, also known as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

area

The measurement of a surface recorded using square units.

perimeter

The distance around the outside of a 2D shape recorded using units of length.

polygon

A closed 2D shape with three or more straight sides.

quadrilateral

A polygon that has exactly four sides.

parallelogram

A quadrilateral where both pairs of opposite sides are parallel.

rectangle

A quadrilateral where both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and all angles are right angles.

rhombus

A quadrilateral where both pairs of opposite sides are parallel and all sides are of equal length.

square

A quadrilateral where both pairs of opposite sides are parallel, all sides are the same length, and all angles are right angles.

trapezium

A quadrilateral with one pair of opposite sides that are parallel. It is also known as a 'trapezoid' in some countries.

kite

A quadrilateral with two pairs of adjacent sides that are the same length.

polyhedron

A 3D shape with polygon faces.

face

The flat surface of a 3D shape.

edge

The line where two faces of a 3D shape meet.

vertex

The point where edges of a 3D shape meet (plural: vertices).

prism

A 3D shape with two identical, parallel faces, where all other faces are rectangles.

pyramid

A 3D shape with a polygon base and triangular faces that meet at a single vertex.

angle

The amount of turn between two lines meeting at a common point, measured in degrees ($^{\circ}$).

translation

An action that moves or slides an item without rotating it.

reflection

A mirror view of a shape.

image

The position or appearance of a shape following a transformation like a reflection.

rotation

The act of turning an object about a fixed point.

capacity

The total amount that a container can hold.

liquid volume

The physical space taken up by a liquid.

litre

A unit of capacity or liquid volume.

millilitre

A unit of capacity equal to one thousandth of a litre ($1000\,ml = 1\,litre$).

mass

The quantity of matter in an object.

kilogram (kg)

A unit of mass equal to one thousand grams ($1000\,g = 1\,kg$).

line graph

A graph that uses one or more lines to join points that represent data.

ready reckoner

A table of numbers used to help calculate or convert between different units.

pie chart

A graph using a divided circle where each section represents a part of the total.

average

A measure used to find the middle of a set of data.

mode

A type of average representing the value in a data set that occurs most frequently.

mean

A type of average calculated by finding the total of all values and dividing by the number of values.

median

A type of average representing the middle value in a set of values ordered from least to greatest.

range

The difference between the lowest and the highest values in a data set.

statistics

The collection, organization, presentation, interpretation and analysis of data.

probability

The chance that a particular outcome will occur, considering the total possible outcomes.

impossible

An event that has no chance of occurring and has a probability of $0$.

certain

An event that will definitely occur and has a probability of $1$.

evens

An event where there is the same chance of it occurring as not occurring, having a probability of $\frac{1}{2}$.

ratio

A comparison used to compare one part against another part.

proportion

A comparison used to compare a part against the whole.

gallon

An imperial measure of capacity or liquid volume.

quart

An imperial measure of capacity; there are four quarts in a gallon.

pint

An imperial measure of capacity; there are two pints in a quart.

equivalent fractions

Fractions that are equal in value; for example, $\frac{3}{5} = \frac{6}{10}$.

improper fraction

A fraction where the numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator, such as $\frac{5}{3}$.

mixed number

A number made up of a whole number combined with a proper fraction, such as $1\frac{2}{3}$.

tetrahedron

A regular 3D shape with four equilateral triangle faces.

octahedron

A regular 3D shape with eight equilateral triangle faces.

icosahedron

A regular 3D shape with $20$ equilateral triangular faces.

dodecahedron

A regular 3D shape with $12$ pentagonal faces.