Fetal Pig Dissection Exam

Ventral

Facing Towards

Lateral

the side of or away from middle of the body

anterior

front end

cranial/cephalic

head area

superficial

closer to surface

distal

far away

dorsal

facing away

medial

toward midline of body

posterior

caudal

tail area

deep

deeper inside

proximal

closer

shoulder

top of front leg

elbow

front leg below shoulder

wrist

front leg below elbow

Pinna/ Auricle

external part of ear

mandible

lower jaw

mouth

beginning of digestion

mammary papillae

nipples

tail

posterior end of body

anus

tail end

hip

top of back leg

knee

back legs middle of hip and hoof

ankle

back leg below knee

nostrils

tip of snout, lead to nasal cavity

maxilla

upper jaw

nictitating membrane

medial to the eye, “3rd eyelid”

umbilical cord

belly surface, connects fetus to placenta of mother

Tongue

swallowing and tasting, muscular

oral cavity

inside of the mouth

hard palate

front roof of mouth

nasal cavity

within snout, from nostrils to pharynx

glottis

allows air to flow into lungs, in larynx

esophageal opening

back of throat, pathway for both food and air

oral pharynx

behind oral cavity, first part of throat

soft palate

back roof of mouth

nasal pharynx

part of the throat that connects the nasal cavity to the oral cavity, allowing for the passage of air.

epiglottis

covers glottis when swallowing to allow food to go through esophagus

Cardiac Sphincter

opening between esophagus and stomach that controls the passage of food and prevents reflux

pyloric sphincter

opening and muscle that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine

Jejuno-Ileum

main part of small intestine, nutrient absorption occurs

Cecum

a pouch connected to small and large intestine, involved in the fermentation of indigestible food components

descending colon

segment of large intestine that leads to the rectum and is responsible for water absorption

rectum

end of large intestine that temporarily stores waste before excretion

Peritoneal cavity

the space within the abdomen that contains the intestines, liver, and other organs, surrounded by the peritoneum

mesentery

tissue that connects the small intestine together

Liver

large organ, removes toxins from blood and produces bile for digestion

Bile duct

thin tubes that carry bile to small intestine for digestion and fat absorption

stomach

below diaphragm, temporary food storage and distribution before intestines

duodenum

beginning of small intestine, produces PH buffers and digestive enzymes

Ileo-cecal sphincter

prevents back flow, between ileum and cecum

coils of colon

series of loops that make up the large intestine, responsible for water absorption and feces formation

anus

the opening at the end of the digestive tract, through which feces exit the body

peritoneum

sheet of smooth tissue, lines abdominal cavity and organs

spleen

part of immune system, stores/ filters blood, protect from infection, inside left ribcage above the stomach

Gall bladder

stores bile produced by the liver and breaks down fats, below liver/ pear shaped

Pancreas

produces digestive enzymes and insulin, located behind the stomach, popcorny texture

Larynx

top/front of throat, passageway for air and produces sound for voice

Thymus

flaps that cover the thyroid, produces T-cells

Trachea

passage for air in and out of the lungs

esophagus

muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, enabling the passage of food, directly behind trachea

thyroid

below larynx and alongside trachea, produces hormones regulating metabolism

Heart

pumps blood throughout body, maintain blood circulation, delivers oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

pericardial cavity

surrounds heart, reduces friction between heart and tissues

ventricles

pump blood into systemic and pulmonary circulation

pulmonary trunk

transports deoxygenated blood from heart towards lungs

lungs

brings oxygen into bloodstream and removes CO2, multiple lobes

Pleural cavity

allows lungs to expand and contract smoothly

Diaphragm

separates thoracic from abdominal cavity, changes air pressure to facilitate air movement

systemic circulation

delivers oxygen rich blood to the body’s tissues and organs

septa

divides chambers of the heart that separate the left and right atria and ventricles

pericardium

protects and holds heart in place, minimizes friction

Atria

receives blood from body and lungs and pumps into ventricles

Aorta

largest artery, transports oxygen rich blood from heart to body

Pleura

covers lungs and inside of chest wall helps reduce friction during breathing

coronary circulation

supply blood to heart muscle

kidney

forms urine

bladder

hold urine

ureter

carries urine to bladder from kidney

urethra

carries urine from bladder to the outside of the body

urogenital canal

passage for urine and entrance to reproductive tract

ovaries

produces eggs and reproductive hormones, attached to uterine horns

horns of uterus

site for fetal development, passageway of sperm to reach ovaries

cervix

gateway between vagina and uterus

urogenital canal

serves as a passageway for urine and reproductive structures

genital papilla

a small structure that protects the opening of the urogenital canal, near urogenital opening

oviducts

tubes that transport eggs from the ovaries to the uterus, also known as fallopian tubes

body of uterus

acts as birth canal, joined by two uterine horns

vagina

passage for urine and piglets during birth

scrotum

pouch of skin outside, below anus, regulates temperature of testes

epididymis

where sperm mature, covers testis

vas deferens

tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra “Golden Arches”

seminal vesicle

nourishes and protects sperm

penis

delivers sperm and carries urine and semen

urethra

runs from bladder to penis, passage for urine and reproductive functions

testis

site of sperm production and maturation, within scrotum

spermatic cord

transports necessary materials for testicular function, runs from abdomen to testicle

inguinal canal

passageway for structures to go through abdominal area to genitalia

bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s)

produces complex secretion, dorsal to urethra