Self Test #1

Creating subsequent generations of similar organisms

the basic function of growth and reproduction.

Common need for all basic functions in living things

survival.

Functions in living organisms that do not include

oxygen, carbon dioxide.

Anatomy

the study of structure.

Physiology

the study of function.

Systemic anatomy

considers the structure of major organ systems.

Surface anatomy

refers to the study of superficial markings.

Anatomical specialty bridging macroscopic and microscopic anatomy

gross anatomy.

Specialized study analyzing the structure of individual cells

cytology.

Scientist studying effects of diseases on organ functions

pathological physiologist.

Smallest living units in the body

cells.

Level of organization reflecting interactions between organ systems

organism.

Two regulatory systems in the human body

nervous and endocrine.

Homeostasis

the existence of a stable internal environment.

Automatic response correcting a variation outside normal limits

negative feedback.

Response that exaggerates the initial stimulus

positive feedback.

Anatomical position lying down face up

supine.

Moving from the wrist toward the elbow

an example of moving in a proximal direction.

RLQ abbreviation

used as a reference to designate a specific abdominopelvic quadrant.

Making a sagittal section results in the separation of

anterior and posterior portions of the body.

parasagittal sectioning

process of choosing one sectional plane and making a series of sections at small intervals.

dorsal body cavity

includes the thoracic and abdominal cavity, abdominal and pelvic cavity, pericardial and pleural cavity, cranial and spinal cavity.

ventral body cavity

includes the pleural and pericardial cavity, thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity, pelvic and abdominal cavity, cranial and spinal cavity.

pericardial cavity

the cavity where the heart is located.

thoracic cavity

the cavity where the lungs are located.

pleural cavity

the cavity surrounding the lungs.

abdominal cavity

the cavity that contains digestive organs.

diaphragm

a flat muscular sheet that divides the ventral body cavity.

angiogram

an X-ray image produced to monitor circulatory pathways using radio-dense dyes.

computerized tomography

a procedure used to check for tumors or other tissue abnormalities.

responsiveness

moving your hand away from a hot stove is an example of this basic function.

digestion

the process by which food is broken down for utilization by cells.

excretion

the process of discharging harmful waste products into the environment.

histologist

a person who specializes in the study of tissue.

embryology

the study of early developmental processes.

cell physiology

the study of the functions of the living cell.

tissues

in complex organisms, cells unite to form these.

molecules

at the chemical level, chemicals interact to form these complex structures.

organs

structural units that make up the cardiovascular system.

urinary system

the system that includes the kidneys, bladder, and ureters.

digestive system

the system that includes the esophagus, large intestine, and stomach.

integumentary system

the organ system to which the skin belongs.

homeostatic regulation

the adjustments in physiological systems responsible for the preservation of homeostasis.

extrinsic regulation

homeostatic control resulting from the activities of the nervous or endocrine systems.

autoregulatory mechanism

the homeostatic mechanism that operates when activities change automatically due to environmental variation.

positive feedback

a response important in accelerating processes that must proceed to completion rapidly.

negative feedback mechanisms

the two systems usually controlled by these are the nervous and endocrine systems.

medial

A term that means 'close to the long axis of the body'.

distal

A term that means 'away from an attached base'.

transverse section

A plane that is perpendicular to the long axis of the body.

pericardium cavity

The subdivision of the thoracic cavity which houses the heart.

mediastinum

The large central mass of connective tissue that surrounds the pericardial cavity and separates the two pleural cavities.

abdominopelvic cavity

Also known as the peritoneal cavity.

respiration

The process of gas exchange, primarily involving oxygen and carbon dioxide.

gross anatomy

The study of macroscopic structures of the body.

pathology

The study of disease.

internal cell structures

Also referred to as organelles.

heart

An organ that pumps blood throughout the body.

pituitary

An endocrine gland that regulates various bodily functions.

nervous system

The system that coordinates the body's response to internal and external stimuli.

cranial

Relating to the skull.

prone

A position where the body is face down.

coelom

A body cavity that houses the internal organs.

stimulus

An external factor that elicits a response.

abdominopelvic

Referring to the cavity that contains the abdominal and pelvic organs.

pulmonary surfactant

A phospholipid secretion produced by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension.

alveolar macrophages

The patrol force of the alveolar epithelium involved with phagocytosis.