Fluid compartments

ICF

intracellular fluid compartment

ECF

extracellular fluid compartment

plasma is considered

intravascular fluid

the fluid between cells is considered

interstitial fluid

Components within the cell are

K+, Mg2+, PO43-, Protein-

components outside the cell are

Na+, Ca+, Cl-, HCO3-

Water can

freely flow back and forth through lipid membrane via osmosis

other components besides water require

active transport to move through lipid membrane

Potassium buffering system

K+ levels in ECF should stay within normal range

H+ will follow

K+ and vice versa

K+ blood levels affect

blood pH and vice versa

increased K+, increased H+

acidosis

K+ is involved in

electrical excitability of heart muscles and other muscles

increased k+

hyperkalemia

causes of hyperkalemia acidosis

early stage urinary blockage, kidney failure, addisons, ketoacidosis

decreased K+

hypokalemia

causes of hypokalemia

V/D, untreated prolonged urinary blockage, can lead to cardiac arrest

increased Na+

hypernatremia

causes of hypernatremia

dehydration, loss of fluid, V/D

decreased Na+

hyponatremia

causes of hyponatremia

addisons, ketoacidosis, CHF- fluid accumulation

Cl- follows

Na+

Mg+ is involved in

acetylcholine production

Acetylcholine

neutrotransmitter that causes muscle contractions

hypermagnesemia is

rare

decreased Mg+

hypomagnesemia

causes of hypomagnesemia

muscle tetany, grass tetany in cows and sheep

tetany is

continuous contractions, twitching

Ca+ is

ionic

decreased Ca+

hypocalcemia

causes of hypocalcemia

muscle tetany, blood clotting

decreased PO43-

hypophosphatemia