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KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
there are _ Posutlates
5
The postulates are:
gas particles are in constant motion
the combined volume of the paritcles of gas sample is negative compared to the volume of a container
there are no attractive forces between the particles of a gas sample (so we assume)
collisions between the gas particles ate completely elastic (meaning no energy is used)
the average kinetic energy of gas particles in a sample is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature
Pressure =
force applied over a specific area
Why do gas particles exert pressure?
in constant motion, the particles collide with the walls of the container
How can we increase pressure?
increase temperature
decrease volume of the container
add more gas particles
Units for pressure
atm = atmosphere (of pressure)
Kpa = kiloPascal
mmHg = millimeter of Mercury (torr)
psi = pounds per square inch (tire pressure)
STP VALUES
1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mmHg(torr)
How many atm is 252 kPa?
252 kPa x 1 atm/101.3 kPa = 2.49 atm
BOYLE’S LAW
BOYLE’S LAW
Boyle’s law =
the relationship between pressure and volume
inversely proportional relationship
Equation = P1V1 = P2V2
example
P1V1 = P2V2
(103.1kPa)(1.00L) = P2 (0.35L)
divide both sides of 0.35L
P2 = 295 kPa
CHARLES’S LAW
relationship between temperature and volume
directly proportional relationship
Equation = V1/T1 = V2/T2
Temperature Must be in..
Kelvin (because it does not have any negative numbers)
To convert celsius to Kelvin…
add 273 to the celsius
Gay-Lussac’s Law
relationship between pressure and temperature
directly proportional relationship
Equation = P1/T1 = P2/T2
Temp must be in kelvin
Combined Gas Law
looks at relationship between pressure,volume, and temperature when all 3 values are changing
Equation = P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
STP =
1 atm, O degrees Celsius, 273 kPa
The Ideal Gas Law
no change in conditions
Equation = PV = nRT
R = gas law constant
n = number of moles
IDEAL GAS LAW CONSTANT
0.08206 L x atm/mol x K
8.314 L x kPa/mol x K
62.36 L x torr/mol x K
To calculate the number of moles to grams it is…
number of moles (n) x molar mass/1 mole