eoy year 9 comp sci

what is an input device?

input device is any piece of computer hardware used to provide data to a computer system.

give three examples of INPUT DEVICES.

keyboard, mouse, microphone

what are output devices?

an output device is any piece of computer hardware used to communicate the results of data that has been processed.

give three examples of OUTPUT DEVICES

monitor, printer, headphones

what is an storage device?

a storage device is a piece of computer equipment which can be used to store data.

give three examples of STORAGE DEVICES

hard disk, DVD, USB stick

what does the MOTHERBOARD do?

the motherboard connects all the peripherals together

what does the CPU do?

processes all the data and instructions.

what does the RAM do?

the main memory that stores programs and data currently being used by the computer.

what does the BIOS do? (and what does it stand for?)

the BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM is the built in core processor software responsible for booting up your system.

what does the POWER SUPPLY do?

the power supply unit supplies all the computer components with electricity.

what does the FAN do?

the fan cools down the CPU since the CPU is prone to overheating.

what do ADAPTER CARDS (EXPANSION CARDS) do?

Adapter cards enhance a computer's functionality by adding specific capabilities.

what are PERIPHERAL DEVICES?

peripheral devices are external hardware components that connect to a computer to enhance its functionality.

what is an OPERATING SYSTEM?

the software that supports a computer's basic functions.

what are PROPRIETARY SOFTWARES?

proprietary software is software that legally remains the property of organisation,group or individual who created it.

what are OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEMS?

open source software is software that is free and openly available to everyone.

what are the advantages and disadvantages of PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE?

ADVANTAGES:

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DISADVANTGES:

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ADVANTAGES:

- fast and responsive

- has innovative design and interface

DISADVANTAGES:

- software and hardware tend to be very expensive

- integrating hardware that isn't meant for that software is very difficult.

what are the 3 advantages and 3 disadvantages of OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE?

ADVANTAGES:

- will run on ANY hardware

- its free!

- software is regularly updated

DISADVANTAGES:

- it is not easy to use

- security vulnerabilities because its publicly accessible

- lack of support

what are the three basic functions of an OS (operating system) ?

- management of software

- management of hardware

- management of CPU and memory

what is SYSTEM SOFTWARE?

system software is software that governs the computer system

what is OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE? (“collection of programs that…”)

collection of programs that manages and controls the computer.

name three FUNCTIONS of OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARES?

- controlling hardware components

- managing files

- managing the computer's memory

what is UTILITY SOFTWARE?

utility software is software that helps maintain the system.

name three types of UTILITY SOFTWARE

- encryption software

- data compression software

- backup software

what are (device) DRIVERS?

device drivers are programs which the OS uses to manage connections with peripherals.

name three things which DEVICE DRIVERS do.

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a device driver:

- translates requests between the device and the computer.

-determines where outgoing and incoming data should be stored.

-wakes up the device when needed and puts it to sleep when not in use

what is application software?

application software are computer programs designed to perform specific tasks for end-users.

what is GENERAL PURPOSE SOFTWARE? (and give an example)

general purpose software is software designed to perform a wide variety of tasks. an example is word processors.

what is SPECIAL PURPOSE SOFTWARE? (and give an example)

special purpose software is software designed to perform a specific task of function. an example is flight simulators, medical billing softwares.

what is anti virus (software)?

anti-virus software detects and removes viruses and other malware from a computer system.

what is anti spyware (software)?

Antispyware is a type of security software that detects, removes, and protects from unwanted spyware programs.

what is a firewall?

A firewall is a network security device which monitors all incoming and outgoing traffic.

what is encryption?

The process of converting data into an unreadable form of text.

what is disk formatting?

disk formatting is the process of preparing a data storage device such as a hard disk drive, for initial use.

what is defragmentation?

defragmentation is a process that reduces the degree of fragmentation.

what is compression and what two types are there?

data compression is a technique in computer science that involves reducing the sizes of data sizes. the two types are lossy compression and lossless compression.

what is lossy compression?

lossy compression is a way to shrink file sizes by removing some data.

what is lossless compression?

lossless compression is a way to shrink file sizes without sacrificing quality.

what is secondary storage?

Secondary storage is any non-volatile storage.

what are the THREE types of STORAGE?

optical, magnetic, solid state

what is OPTICAL STORAGE? (and an example of one)

optical storage is a type of secondary storage that uses lasers to read and write data on discs. an example is blue ray and CD.

what is MAGNETIC STORAGE? (and an example of one)

magnetic storage is a type of secondary storage that uses magnetic fields to store and retrieve data. an example is a hard disk drive.

what is SOLID STATE STORAGE? (and an example of one)

Solid-state storage is a type of secondary storage that uses flash memory to store data. It has no moving parts, making it faster, more durable, and energy-efficient. an example is a SD card and USB stick.

QUESTION: the last few years have seen the rise of food delivery services and the smartphone apps they use. Discuss the social and ethical implications that these services may bring.

(“SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

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- ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS:

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SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

- many food delivery drivers work as independent contractors. This means they don't always get benefits like healthcare and job security.

- easy access to food delivery may encourage unhealthy eating habits, as people opt for fast food over home cooked meals.

ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS:

- delivery drivers often face low wages and long hours, which raises concerns about whether companies adequately support their workers.

- apps collect vast amounts of user data, raising questions about how this data is used.

QUESTION: people using social media often post messages that include images they have found on the internet. discuss the implications of such posts.

(“LEGAL IMPLICATIONS:

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SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

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CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS:

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LEGAL IMPLICATIONS:

- many images are protected by copyright, meaning if you use them without permission, it could lead to copyright infringement.

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS:

- photos can be used to target individuals negatively, contributing to cyberbullying.

CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS:

- digital platforms allows images to spread rapidly, influencing opinions and trends.

what are the NEGATIVE impacts that technologies have had on the environment? Explain each one a lil

- e-waste -> millions of discarded devices contribute to growing landfills.

- energy consumption -> data centers require vast amounts of electricity, increasing carbon emissions.

- resource depletion -> mining materials like lithium leads to habitat destruction.

- pollution -> factories producing electronics release greenhouse gases into the air.

DATA PROTECTION ACT (1998) what does it do, offenses and consequences.

- it protects personal data from misuse or unauthorised access.

-unlawful obtaining or disclosure of personal data.

- fine up to £500,000

COMPUTER MISUSE ACT (1990) what does it do, offenses and consequences.

- prevents unauthorised access to computer systems

- unauthorised access (hacking)

- fines or imprisonment depending on severity

COPYRIGHT, DESIGN AND PATENTS ACT (1998) what does it do, offenses and consequences.

- protects ideas and creative works (books, music,designs)

- holding pirated material with the intent to sell or distribute.

- serious offences can lead up to 10 years in prison.

BOOLEAN OPERATORS: equal to = ...

a == b

BOOLEAN OPERATORS: not equal to = ...

a != b

BOOLEAN OPERATORS: less than = ...

a < b

BOOLEAN OPERATORS: greater than = ...

a > b

what are logic gates?

logic gates are the building blocks of electronic circuits that are used in computer components.

why do we need logic gates?

a computer understands binary language. So, the components of the computer contain logic gates, which work on the binary system.

AND GATE (outputs 1 ONLY if...)

outputs 1 ONLY if both inputs are 1

OR GATE (outputs 1 ONLY if...)

outputs 1 only AT LEAST one output is 1

NOT GATE (depending on the input, what is the output?)

whatever the input is, the output is always the opposite.

what is a truth table?

a truth table shows all possible

inputs and there associated outputs of the logic gates.

what is COMPUTATIONAL THINKING? (“computational thinking is a…”)

computational thinking is a systematic approach to solving problems

what are the FOUR characteristics of computational thinking?

decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking

COMPUTATIONAL THINKING: what is DECOMPOSITION? (“decomposition is the process of…”)

decomposition is the process of breaking problems down into smaller, more manageable parts.

COMPUTATIONAL THINKING: what is PATTERN RECOGNITION?

pattern recognition involves finding the similarities or patterns among problems

COMPUTATIONAL THINKING: what is ABSTRACTION? (“abstraction is the process of…”)

abstraction is the process of simplifying complex problems by filtering out unnecessary details.

COMPUTATIONAL THINKING: what is ALGORITHMIC THINKING?

algorithmic thinking is the process of developing an algorithm to solve a problem.

what does an oval represent in a flowchart?

start/end

what does a rectangle represent in a flowchart?

process (like a calculation)

what does a diamond represent in a flowchart?

decision (eg if statements)

what does a parallelogram represent in a flowchart?

input/output

BINARY ADDITION: what is 0011 + 0011

0110

what are the two types of images?

vectors and bitmaps

IMAGES: what are vectors?

a vector uses coordinates and geometrical shapes such as lines and curves to define a shape.

IMAGES: what are bitmaps?

bitmap images are made of an organised grid of colored squares called pixels.

PYTHON: what is a string?

a string is a sequence of characters. In python, strings are used to store text,numbers or symbols. STRINGS ARE ALWAYS WRITTEN IN QUOTATION MARKS.

PYTHON: what are the four data types?

string,integer,float,boolean

PYTHON: what are the arithmetic operation for addition,subtraction,multiplication, division, floor division and remainder.

+ , - , *, /, //, %.

PYTHON: what is a for loop?

a for loop is used when you want to repeat a block of code a set number of times.

PYTHON: what is a while loop?

a while loop keeps running as long as a condition remains true.

what is ITERATION?

iteration is the process of repeating a block of code or a sequence of instructions multiple times.

What is the difference between interactive mode and script mode in IDLE?

Interactive mode immediately returns the results of commands you enter into the shell. In script mode, you will write a script and then run it

what is a syntax error?

A syntax error is a mistake in the way code is written, violating the grammatical rules of the programming language.