AP biology Unit 3

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32 Terms

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enzymes work by

lowering the activation energy of a reaction

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catabolism is to

break down molecules

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anabolism

built up molecules

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exergonic

release of energy

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endergonic

energy is absorbed

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pH will __________________ as H+ increases

decrease

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competitive inhibition

binds to the enzyme's active site

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noncompetitive inhibition

binds to allosteric site (not the active site) of an enzyme causing shape to change

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Oxidation

is the lost of an electron

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Reduction

is the gaining of electrons

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what are the end products of glycolysis

2 pyruvates, net of 2 ATP, 2 NADH

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substrate level phosphorylation

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which of the steps of cellular respiration does not require oxygen

glycolysis

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the prep step converts pyruvate into

acetyl-CoA

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the final electron acceptor in the ETC of cellular respiration is

oxygen

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NADH and FADH2 job is to

carry electrons to the ETC

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after glycolosis if there is no oxygen available the pyruvate molecules can be converted into

ethanol or lactic acid

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the two functions of fermentation

produce a little ATP and oxidize NADH to NAD+

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What occurs as the electrons move from protein to protein in the ETC of cellular respiration?

H+ protons are pumped out into the intermembrane space

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ATP synthase

produces ATP

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Chemiosmosis

the diffusion of ions (H+) from area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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as the electron passes through the ETC the proteins embedded in the inter mitochondria membrane

alternate between being reduced and being oxidized

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oxygen produced in the light reactions of photosynthesis comes from

the water

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what are the products of the light reaction of photosynthesis

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

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where do the light reaction take place?

thylokoid membrane

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what replaces the electron lost by P680

the electrons from the splitting of water

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what replaces the electrons lost by P700

the electrons from P680 that has traveled down the ETC

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RuBP is a 5 carbon molecule that

combines with CO2 in the Calvin Cycle

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what enzyme combines RuBP with CO2

RuBisCo

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the primary function of the Calvin Cycle is to produce

G3P/PGAL that will be used to make glucose

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CAM plants keep stomata close in the daytime and are able to fix CO2 into ______________________

organic acids during the night and covert it back to CO2 in the morning to undergo the Calvin Cycle

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photorespiration

uses oxygen instead of CO2 in the Calvin cycle