Science 8 Unit 2

Solid

has a definite shape and definite volume

crystalline solids

solids made up of crystals, salt

amorphous solid

solid, particles are not arranged in a regular pattern, glass

liquid

has a definite volume but no shape of its own

fluid

aka a liquid, a substance that flows

Surface tension

property of liquids, inward force/pull among molecules in a liquid that bring the molecules on the surface closer together

Viscosity

property of liquids, a liquid’s resistance to flowing

Gas

neither definite shape nor definite volume

Pressure

the force of a gas’s outward push divided by the area of the walls of the container

Melting

change in state from a solid to a liquid

Melting point

in pure, crystalline solids, melting occurs at a specific temperature

Freezing

change of state from a liquid to a solid

vaporization

change in state from liquid → gas

Evaporation

vaporization that takes place only on the surface of a liquid

Boiling

vaporization that takes place both below and at the surface of a liquid

Boiling Point

temp at which a liquid boils

condensation

the change in state from a gas to a liquid

Sublimation

occurs when the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy that they form a gas

Charles's Law

constant pressure, directly proportional (graph is a straight line) temp and volume increase or decrease together. v1/t1=v2/t2

Directly proportional

when the variables go up or down together

Boyle's Law

constant temp., inversely proportional (graph is a curve) pressure and volume increase/decrease opposite each other. p1v1=p2v2

Inversely proportional

when one variable goes up, the other goes down and vice versa

Gay Lussac's Law

constant volume, directly proportional (graph is a straight line) temp and pressure increase/decrease together. t1/p1=t2/p2