ARTH Vocab Review

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46 Terms

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Anastole

A hairstyle with a central part and wavy locks brushed up, often associated with Alexander the Great.

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Example of Anastole

This style was adopted by Pompey the Great, as seen in his portrait busts, to evoke his likeness to Alexander and legitimize his authority.

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Ashlar Masonry

A construction technique using precisely cut, squared stone blocks, often without mortar.

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Example of Ashlar Masonry

The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (509 BCE, Capitoline Hill) used _______ for its tufa foundation, reflecting early Roman engineering.

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Atrium

The central reception hall of a Roman domus, often featuring an impluvium to collect rainwater.

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Example of Atrium

The House of the Faun (Pompeii, 2nd century BCE) had a Tuscan-style ______, showcasing elite Roman domestic architecture.

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Barrel Vault

A continuous, semicircular arch extending in depth to form a tunnel-like ceiling, allowing for larger interior spaces.

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Example of Barrel Vault

The Porticus Aemilia (Rome, 193–174 BCE) used ______, demonstrating Roman concrete construction techniques.

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Basilica

A large public building used for administrative, legal, and commercial purposes in Roman cities.

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Example of Basilica

The ______ of Pompeii (80–70 BCE) served as a law court and public meeting space, featuring stuccoed columns that imitated marble.

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Cavea

The seating area in Roman theaters and amphitheaters, divided by class into sections.

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Example of Cavea

The Large Theater of Pompeii (2nd century BCE) had a ______ modeled after Greek theaters, with elite seating near the orchestra.

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Contrapposto

A sculptural pose where the figure shifts weight onto one leg, creating a natural stance.

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Example of Contrapposto

The Apulu (Apollo of Veii, ca. 510–500 BCE), from the Portonaccio Temple, shows a dynamic pose influenced by _______, blending Etruscan and Greek styles.

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Cubiculum

A small bedroom or private room in a Roman house, often decorated with frescoes.

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Example of Cubiculum

House of the Vettii (Pompeii, 1st century CE). Decorated with Third Style frescoes, featuring delicate ornamental motifs.

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Fauces

The narrow entrance passageway leading from the street into a Roman domus.

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Example of Fauces

The House of Sallust (Pompeii, 4th–1st century BCE) had a decorated _______, providing an impressive entrance to guests.

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Impluvium

A shallow pool in the atrium of a Roman house, designed to collect rainwater from the roof.

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Example of impluvium

The House of the Faun (Pompeii) features a central ________, showcasing typical domestic water management in elite Roman homes.

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Manubial Dedication

A temple or monument built using war spoils.

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Example of Manubial Dedication

The Temple of Mars Ultor (Forum of Augustus, 2 BCE) was a _______ vowed by Augustus after the Battle of Philippi, symbolizing military victory and divine favor.

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Nodus

A hairstyle featuring a central roll of hair, commonly worn by elite Roman women, particularly Livia, the wife of Augustus.

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Example of Nodus

The Bust of Livia (Arsinoe, Egypt, early 1st century CE) showcases the _______ hairstyle, emphasizing her dignity and matronly status.

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Opus Caementicium

Roman concrete, made by mixing lime, volcanic ash (pozzolana), and rubble, which allowed for durable and large-scale structures.

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Example of Opus Caementicium

The Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (Palestrina, ca. 120–100 BCE) used _______, enabling its multi-terraced design.

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Opus Vermiculatum

A fine mosaic technique using tiny tesserae to create highly detailed images.

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Example of Opus Vermiculatum

The Alexander Mosaic (House of the Faun, Pompeii, late 2nd–early 1st century BCE), depicting Alexander the Great vs. Darius III, is an example of _______

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Orthogonal Plan

A grid-like urban layout with streets intersecting at right angles

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Example of Orthogonal Plan

The Etruscan city of Marzabotto (ca. 500–480 BCE) is one of the earliest examples of an _________, later used in Roman military colonies (castra).

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Peristyle

A columned courtyard or garden at the back of a Roman domus or villa

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Example of Peristyle

The House of the Faun (Pompeii) contained two _______, highlighting the importance of private outdoor space in Roman homes.

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Podium

A raised platform supporting a structure, particularly temples.

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Example of Podium

The Temple of Portunus (Rome, ca. 75 BCE) sits on a high _______, a characteristic feature of Italic temple design, differentiating it from Greek peripteral temples.

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Pseudoperipteral

A temple design with engaged columns along the sides and back, rather than free-standing ones.

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Example Pseudoperipteral

The Temple of Portunus (Rome, ca. 75 BCE) is _________, blending Greek and Roman architectural styles.

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Stylobate

The top step of a temple’s platform that supports the columns.

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Example of Stylobate

The Temple of Hera II (Paestum, ca. 460 BCE) has a Doric ________, which helps manage the visual illusion of curvature (entasis).

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Suovetaurilia

A Roman ritual sacrifice of a bull (suus), pig (porcus), and sheep (taurus), often conducted during census ceremonies

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Example of Suovetaurilia

The Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus (late 2nd–early 1st century BCE) depicts a census and _______, emphasizing Roman religious and civic duties.

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Tablinum

A room in a Roman domus, often used as the head of household’s office.

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Example of Tablinum

In the House of the Faun (Pompeii), the _______ was placed between the atrium and peristyle, serving as a public and private space for business dealings.

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Verism

A hyper-realistic portrait style emphasizing wrinkles, age, and individuality, often used in Republican Rome.

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Example of Verism

The Head of an Old Man (Osimo, mid-1st century BCE) exemplifies _________, highlighting wisdom and experience as valued traits.

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Wattle and Daub

A primitive building technique using woven wooden strips (wattle) covered with clay or mud (daub)

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Example of Wattle and Daub

The Romulean Huts on Palatine Hill (8th century BCE) were constructed using __________, reflecting early Roman domestic architecture.