[MOD2C - ANATOMY] Lower Limb Bones_2028

What is the largest part of the pelvic bone?

Ilium

Where is the ilium visible?

Both anterior and posterior views.

What is the lateral part of the ilium significant in obstetrics?

Inner (medial) side of the ilium

What is the highest point of the ilium?

The Iliac Crest

When placing a hand on the waist, what bony prominence is being palpated?

The Iliac Crest

What are the four spines of the iliac crest?

Two anterior spines (ASIS and anterior inferior iliac spine) and two posterior spines (PSIS and posterior inferior iliac spine).

What is another name for the ala of the ilium?

The wing

What part of the ilium contributes to the acetabulum?

The body of the ilium

A shallow depression on the medial surface of the ilium, occupied by the iliacus muscle.

Iliac Fossa

What joint is formed when the ilium connects to the sacrum?

The sacroiliac joint.

What part of the ischium bears weight when sitting?

Ischial tuberosity

What is the prominent feature of the ischium that is important in obstetric practice?

Ischial spine

What is the large hole in the pelvis formed by both the ischium and pubis called?

Obturator foramen

What part of the ischium contributes to the formation of the obturator foramen?

Ischial ramus

What part forms the upper border of the body of pubis?

Pubic Crest

Site of articulation with the fibrocartilaginous disc of pubic symphysis

Body of the Pubis

Consists of superior and inferior pubic ramus

Pubic Rami

General part of the pubis that contributes to the borders of the obturator foramen

Pubic Rami

Part of the pubic rami that contribute to the formation of acetabulum

Superior pubic ramus

Located centrally in the pelvis

Acetabulum

The acetabulum is equipped with _____-shaped articular cartilage for the hip joint

Horseshoe

A gap located at the inferior aspect of the acetabular fossa

Acetabular notch

TRUE or FALSE. The acetabular notch is a complete circle

FALSE

Where does the ligament of the acetabular notch connect to?

Head of the femur

this small bump serves as an attachment point for the adductor muscles

Adductor Tubercle

Specific term for tuberosities of the femur

Trochanter

Normal Neck Shaft Angle

120-136°

Decreased Neck Shaft Angle (NSA)

coxa vara

Increased Neck Shaft Angle (NSA)

coxa valga

a prominent ridge connecting the greater and lesser trochanters

Intertrochanteric Crest

Back of the patella is covered with ________ , allowing it to glide smoothly over the femur's patellar surface during knee movements

Articular Cartilage

What bone functions to increase leverage of the quadriceps tendon, enhancing the efficiency of knee extension?

Patella

It is the largest sesamoid bone

Patella

Weight-bearing bone, larger medially located bone in the leg

Tibia

Flat, plateau-like shape; articulates with the femoral condyles

Tibial Condyles

Situated between tibial plateaus, divides the articular surfaces of tibial condyles

Intercondylar Surface

Split into anterior and posterior, elevated structure for attachment of ligament and meniscus

Intercondylar Eminence

Posterior of the lateral epicondyle, articulates with fibular head

Fibular Notch

Palpable surface in anteromedial tibia, receives ligamentum petellae

Tibial Tuberosity

Border of the tibial shaft which forms the shin, transitions into the medial malleous

Anterior Border

Border of the tibial shaft that has no muscle covering

Medial Border

Border of the tibial shaft that provides attachement for the interosseous membrane, also called the interosseous border

Lateral Border

Most prominents projection in the distal end of the tibia, articular surface for the talus

Medial Malleoulus

Found on the lateral side of tibia, articulates with distal fibula

Fibular notch

Non-weight bearing, laterally located bone of the leg

Fibula

Fibula primarily serves as ____ and is not essential for survival

Site for muscle attachment

Can be harvested and used to replace damaged bones like the radius or ulna if needed

Fibula

Formed by tibia and fibula, creating a concave socket

Ankle mortise

Formed by the combination of the ankle mortise and the talus

Ankle joint

Contains the articular surface that meets with the tibia

Fibular head

Narrow, constricted area just below the fibular head

Fibular neck

Long slender portion of the fibula that serves as an attachment site for various muscles

Shaft of the fibula

Forms the lateral prominence of the ankle and provides the articular surface that joins with the distal tibia

Lateral malleolus

Uppermost portion of the foot, shaped like a turtle

Talus

A hole formed by 2 structures, 1 from the talus and 1 from the calcaneus

Sinus Tarsi

Largest and most prominent weight-bearing bone of the foot

Calcaneus

Foot bone located anterior to the talus and posterior to the cuneiform

Navicular

Foot bone located anterior to the calcaneus

Cuboid

3 bones situated anterior to the navicular

Lateral cuneiform, Intermediate cuneiform, Medial cuneiform

Prominence found under the calcaneus

Calcaneal tubercle

3 parts of the metatarsals of foot

Base (Proximal end), Shaft (Body), Head (Distal end)

Palpable or prominent metatarsal on the lateral aspect/border of the foot

Tubercle of 5th metatarsal

How many sesamoid bones are embedded in the inferior surface of the 1st metatarsal?

2 sesamoid bones (Medial and Lateral sesamoid bones)

Purpose of the 1st metatarsal

Aids in weight distribution, Creates distinctive footprints in the sand

What type of bone are metatarsals?

Long bone

The 5 metatarsals are numbered from

Medial to lateral (1st metatarsal aligns with the Hallux/Big toe)

Parts of the phalanges

Proximal, Middle, Distal

Other name for the "big toe"

Hallux

The ___ only consists of a proximal and distal phalanx

Hallux / Big toe

Each toe has three phalanges except which toe?

Hallux / Big toe

How many phalanx does the big toe possess?

Two