dentistry final

The puppy has ___________ teeth and the adult dog has ________ teeth

28 and 42

What is the hardest substance in the body? It is also fairly resistant to stains.

enamel

Dentin is produced by...

odontoblasts

The tooth is held into the alveolus by the...

periodontal ligament 

In the dental formulas, the primary teeth are indicated by...

lower case numbers

A class ________ occlusion is said to occur when the mandible is shorter than normal.

2

Inflammation of the gingiva is called ____________.

gingivitis

Maxillary brachygnathism is caused by a ___________ maxilla

shortened

___________ will normally resist staining, but ___________ will stain easily due to it being porous.

enamel, dentin 

A slab fracture is the most common fracture of the 4th premolar.

true

Select the choice that includes ONLY types of hand instruments....

 explorers, periodontal probes, calculus removal forceps, curettes 

Scalers have 2 sharp sides and a sharp tip.

False

Scalers should not be used __________ because they could damage the gingiva and the periodontal ligaments.

subgingivally 

The cutting edge is the working portion of the scaler.

true

A _____________ blade will not reflect light, and a ____________ blade will reflect light.

 sharp, dull 

Used burs do not have to be treated as sharps.

false

This instrument is used for quick removal of large pieces of calculus. 

  calculus forceps 

An acquired pellicle is classified as...

 an acellular film composed of salivary glycoproteins that closely and firmly adheres to the oral cavity. 

The amount of plaque and calculus will always correspond to the degree of periodontal disease that is present in a patient.

false

Stage 4 periodontal disease is classified by:

  Probing and radiographic signs of attachment loss >50%, Severe pocket depth or recession, Bleeds easily on probing, Pus, bone loss, mobility, Advanced breakdown 

This is a chronic granulomatous lesion on the lips of cats. It is usually found on the midline, or slightly to the side of the upper lip; and it is thought that  licking may spread it to the limbs , base of tongue, oral cavity. The lesions will be red, well circumscribed and ulcerated; and they are usually treated with steroids. 

 Eosinophilic granuloma 

What is the feline condition that causes inflammation of the oral mucosa, including the buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and gingiva?

stomatitis

What percentage of the domestic feline population has Tooth Resorption?

50-75%

When treating stomatitis, antibiotics, steroids, NSAIDs, and pain medications are prescribed as rescue therapy. 

true

What is the most common treatment for Tooth Resorption in cats?

extraction

In this stage of tooth resorption, only the enamel is involved in the lesion.

1

The parallel radiographic technique is used when we want to evaluate the caudal mandibular teeth and the nasal cavity.

false

Which radiographic techniques is used when parallel projections cannot be used?

  bisecting-angle technique 

When taking a radiograph, if the machine head is aimed too directly at the subject, the x-rays could miss the the film/sensor. When this happens, the image will be distorted by....

elongation

When taking a radiograph of the caudal maxillary teeth, the sensor/film must be placed ___________ to the hard palate.

parallel

Blurring of an image is caused movement of the patient or the x-ray machine head.

true

____________ means lacking teeth.

edentulous

_____________ is abnormal angulation or curve in the root or crown of a tooth.

dilaceration

_____________ is when the tooth is formed, but it has not broken through the gum.

embedded

In the rodent, there are two basic teeth types: aradicular hypsodont and brachydont.

true

What type of dentition does a rabbit have?

diphyodont

If a rabbit has not ingested any food or water in the first ___________ hours after being under anesthesia, hand feeding should be started.

4

How long should food and water be withheld from a rodent prior to surgery?

there is no restriction required

In rabbits, the "peg teeth" are also known as...

  Maxillary second incisors 

What is the most common dental disease in pocket pets?

  Malocclusion incisors 

Why is epinephrine sometimes added to bupivicaine

To decrease the chance of toxicity and counteract vasodilation 

When talking about local anesthetic agents, Bupivicaine at a concentration of 0.5% is the drug of choice

true

As a rule of thumb, to avoid creating toxicity with a local anesthetic, one should not exceed _________ in cats and dogs. 

2 mg/kg

The site for a ___________________ block is dorsal to the distal root of the third maxillary premolar with the needle advanced into the infraorbital foramen.

rostral maxillary

When administering a local anesthetic, you should...

always aspirate to ensure you are not in a vessel 

What is the name of the instrument that is used to engage the teeth and raise them from their socket?

dental elevators

These are used to grasp the tooth and remove it from its socket.

extraction forceps

What type of motion should be used to remove a tooth?

rotational

The easiest method for removal of multirooted teeth is to split them prior to removal.

true

All of the following are single rooted teeth in the dog except...

maxillary 4th premolar

We use antibiotics as a part of periodontal therapy _________________

 in stage 1, 2, and compromised patients 

Periodontal therapy is performed on patients with healthy stage I or II periodontal disease, and prophylaxis is performed on patients with stage III or IV periodontal disease.

false

What is required prevent overheating of the teeth and damage to the pulp when using ultrasonic handpieces?

water flow

Radiographs should be taken as a part of the prophy to evaluate dental and bony structures for periodontal bone loss, root canal disease, and other conditions.

true

Client education on their pet's dental health should begin

before the procedure is performed

Plaque control is the most important strategy in preventing periodontal 

true

Ideally, how often should a client brush their pet's teeth?

every day

Plaque can start to form ___________ after brushing

6-8 hours

It is okay for clients to use human toothpaste to brush their pet's teeth.

false

When using ultrasonic instruments, tooth damage can occur by...

  both thermal heating and mechanical etching