250 identifiers

apollo 11 stones

• 25000 BCE

• namibia

• charcoal on stone

great hall of the bulls

• 14,000 BCE

• lascaux france

• paleolithic europe

• rock painting

camelid sacrum in shape of a canine

• 10000 BCE

• central mexico

• bone

running horned woman

• 5000 BCE

• algeria

• pigment on rock

beaker w ibex motifs

• 4000 BCE

• susa, iran

• painted terra cotta

anthropomorphic stele

• fourth millennium BCE

• arabian peninsula

• sandstone

jade cong

• 3000 BCE

• liangzhu, china

• carved jade

stonehenge

• 2000 BCE

• wiltshire, UK

• neolithic europe

• sandstone

the ambum stone

• 1500 BCE

• ambum valley, papua new guinea

• greywacke

tlatilco female figurine

• 1200 BCE

• tlatilco, central mexico

• ceramic

terra cotta fragment

• 100 BCE

• lapita people of the reef islands, solomon islands

• incised terra cotta

white temple & its ziggurat

• 3500 BCE

• sumerian

• uruk, iraq

• mud brick & bitumen

palette of king narmer

• 3000 BCE

• predynastic egypt

• greywacke

statues of votive figures

• 2700 BCE

• sumerian

• square temple at eshunna

• gysum inlaid w shell & black limestone

seated scribe

• 2500 BCE

• old kingdom, fourth dynasty

• saqqara, egypt

• painted limestone

standard of ur

• 2600 BCE

• sumerian

• royal tombs of ur, iraq

• wood inlaid w shell, lapis lazulli, red limestone

great pyramids (menkaure, khafre, khufu) & great sphinx

• 2550 -2490 BCE

• old kingdom

• giza, egypt

• cut limestone

king menkaura & queen

• 2490 BCE

• old kingdom, fourth dynasty

• greywacke

the code of hammurabi

• 1750 BCE

• susian

• babylon

• basalt

temple of amun-re & hypostyle hall

• 1550 - 1250 BCE

• new kingdom

• karnak, egypt

• cut sandstone & mud brick

mortuary temple of hatshepsut

• 1460 BCE

• new kingdom

• by luxor, egypt

• sandstone partially carved into rock cliff, and red granite

akhenaten, nefertiti, & three daughters

• 1340 BCE

• new kingdom (amarna)

• limestone

tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin

• 1323 BCE

• new kingdom

• gold w inlay of enamel & semiprecious stones

last judgement of hunefer from his tomb (page from book of the dead)

• 1275 BCE

• new kingdom

• painted papyrus scroll

lamassu from citadel of sargon II

• 720 BCE

• neo-assyrian

• alabaster

athenian agora

• 600 BCE

• archaic through hellenistic greek

• plan

anavysos kouros

• 530 BCE

• archaic greek

• marble w remnants of paint

peplos kore from the acropolis

• 530 BCE

• archaic greek

• marble, painted details

sarcophagus of the spouses

• 520 BCE

• etruscan

• terra cotta

audience hall (apadana) of darius & xerxes

• 520 BCE

• persian

• persepolis, iran

• limestone

temple of minerva & sculpture of apollo

• master sculptor vulca

• 500 BCE

• veii, italy

• wood, mudbrick or tufa, terra cotta sculpture

tomb of the triclinium

• 480 BCE

• etruscan

• tarquina, italy

• tufa & fresco

niobides krater

• the niobid painter

• 460-450 BCE

• classical greek

• clay, red-figure technique w white highlights

doryphoros (spear bearer)

• polykleitos

• classical greek

• 450 BCE

• roman copy marble of greek original bronze

acropolis

• iktinos & kallikrates

• 410 BCE

• athens, greece

• marble

grave stele of hegeso

• kallimachos

• 410 BCE

• marble & paint

winged victory of samothrace

• 190 BCE

• hellenistic greek

• marble

great altar of zeus & athena at pergamon

• 175 BCE

• hellenistic greek

• asia minor

• marble

house of the vettii

• 70 CE

• imperial roman

• pompeii, italy

• cut stone & fresco

alexander mosaic from the house of faun

• 100 BCE

• republican roman

• mosaic

seated boxer

• 100 BCE

• hellenistic greek

• bronze

head of a roman patrician

• 75 BCE

• republican roman

• marble

augustus of prima porta

• early first century

• imperial roman

• marble

colosseum (flavian ampitheater)

• 70 CE

• imperial roman

• rome, italy

• stone & concrete

forum of trajan

• apollodorus of damascus

• 110 CE

• rome, italy

• brick & concrete, marble

pantheon

• 118-125 CE

• imperial roman

• concrete w stone facing

ludovisi battle sarcophagus

• 250 CE

• late imperial roman

• marble

catacomb of priscilla

• 200 - 400 CE

• late antique europe

• rome, italy

• excavated tufa & fresco

form

• painted in pompeiian style, influence from roman art

• not high quality like smth found in a roman home → limited resources

content

• contain several tombs of popes and christian martyrs

• poor placed in loculi (simple niches), while richer christians were buried in cubicula (mortuary chapels) in ornate sarcophagi

• greek chapel

  • not a true chapel, but a burial place for the roman woman priscilla & 2 family members

  • inscriptions in greek, language used by social elites in rome

  • 3 niches for sarcophagi now lost

context

• christianity was an underground religion for first few centuries of existence

• extended for over 100 miles beneath rome

• priscilla was the wife of a consul who was martyred, she donated the land beneath her villa

• her and her family were buried in the greek chapel, now lost

function

• catacombs were where dead romans were interred, was a perfect hiding place

santa sabina

• 422 CE

• late antique europe

• rome, italy

• brick & stone, wooden roof

form

• walls allowed light in through clerestory windows

• less of a focus on geometric forms defining grounded spaces like columns or niches (man’s creation)

• more of a focus on creating an airy, weightless space (gods light and creations)

• walls were likely covered in mosaics & would have reflected light coming in through windows, making the interior glitter → transcendence, god as light

content

• basic exterior

• interior is beautifully decorated, typical of christian churches at the time

• flat wooden roof w coffered ceiling

• walls of basilica are thin and only thick enough to support roof

• corinthian columns recycled from nearby temple, each featuring a painted motif over the capital of bread & a glass of wine (the eucharist)

context

• christians adapted the roman basilica & other aspects of roman architecture to crate first churches

• spolia → used and the recycling of artworks to make new artworks

• men would have stood in center while women would have been relegated to side aisles

function

• martyrium → a site where someone was martyred, saint sabina

• was actually a roman basilica before a place of worship

rebecca & eliezer at the well and jacob wrestling the angel from the vienna genesis

• early sixth century CE

• early byzantine europe

• illuminated manuscript (tempera, gold, silver on purple vellum)

san vitale

• 530 BCE

• ealy byzantine europe

• ravenna, italy

• brick, marble, and stone veneer; mosaic

hagia sophia

• anthemius of tralles & isodorus of miletus

• 523 CE

• constantinople, istanbul

• brick & ceramic elements w stone & mosaic veneer

merovingian looped fibulae

• mid sixth century

• early medieval europe

• silver gilt worked in filigree w inlays of garnets & other stones

virgin (theotokos) and child between saints theodore & george

• sixth/seventh century

• early byzantine europe

• encaustic on wood

lindisfarne gospels, st. matthew cross carpet page & st. luke portrait page

• 700 CE

• early medieval europe

• illuminated manuscript (ink, pigments, gold on vellum)

great mosque

• 785 CE

• umayyad

• cordoba, spain

• stone masonry

pyxis of al mughira

• 968 CE

• umayyad

• ivory

church of sainte foy

• 1050 CE

• romanesque

• conques, france

• stone & paint; gold, silver gemstones, enamel over for wood (reliquary)

bayeux tapestry

• 1080 CE

• romanesque

• embroidery on linen

chartres cathedral

• 1145 CE

• gothic

• chartres, france

• limestone, stained glass

bibles moralisees ( dedication pafe of blanche of castile & king louis IX of france, scenes from the apocalypse)

• 1245 CE

• gothic

• illuminated manuscript (ink, tempera, gold leaf on vellum)

rottgen pieta

• 1300 CE

• gothic

• painted wood

arena (scrovegni chapel), lamentation

• giotto

• gothic

• 1304 CE

• padua, italy

• brick & fresco

golden haggadah (plaques of egypt, scenes of liberation, prep for passover

• 1320 CE

• gothic

• illuminated manuscript (pigments & gold leaf on vellum)

alhambra

• 1355 CE

• nasrid dynasty

• granada, spain

• whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, gilding

annunciation triptych (merode altarpiece)

• campin

• northern renaissance

• 1430 CE

• oil on wood

pazzi chapel from basilica di santa croce

• brunelleschi

• italian renaissance

• 1430 CE

• florence, italy

• masonry

the arnolfini portrait

• van eyck

• northern renaissance

• 1434 CE

• oil on wood

david

• donatello

• italian renaissance

• 1440 CE

• bronze

palazzo rucellai

• alberti

• italian renaissance

• 1450 CE

• florence, italy

• stone, masonry

madonna & child w 2 angels

• lippi

• italian renaissance

• 1465 CE

• tempera on wood

birth of venus

• botticelli

• italian renaissance

• 1485 CE

• tempera on canvas

last supper

• da vinci

• high renaissance

• 1495 CE

• oil & tempera

adam & eve

• durer

• northern reniassance

• 1504 CE

• engraving

sistine chapel ceiling & altar wall frescoes

• michelangelo

• high renaissance/mannerism

• 1500s CE

• vatican city, italy

• fresco

school of athens

• raphael

• high renaissance

• 1510 CE

• fresco

isenheim altarpiece

• grunewald

• northern renaissance

• 1515 CE

• oil on wood

entombment of christ

• pontormo

• mannerism

• 1525 CE

• oil on wood

allegory of law and grace

• cranach

• northern renaissance

• 1530 CE

• woodcut & letterpress

venus of urbino

• titian

• high renaissance

• 1538 CE

• oil on canvas

frontispiece of the codex mendoza

• viceroyalty of new spain

• spanish colonies

• 1540 CE

• ink & color on paper

il gesu, triumph of the name of jesus ceiling fresco

• vignola (plan architect) & gaulli ( fresco)

• baroque/high renaissance

• 16th century CE

• rome, italy

• brick, marble, fresco, stucco

hunters in the snow

• bruegel

• northern renaissance

• 1565 CE

• oil on wood

mosque of selim II

• sinan

• 1570 CE

• edirne, turkey

• brick & stone

calling of saint matthew

• caravaggio

• baroque

• 1600 CE

• oil on canvas

henri IV receives portrait of marie de medici from the marie de medici cycle

• rubens

• baroque

• 1625 CE

• oil on canvas

self portrait w saskia

• rembrandt

• baroque

• 1636 CE

• etching

san carlo alle quattro fontane

• borromini

• baroque

• 1640 CE

• rome, italy

• stone & stucco

ectasy of saint teresa in the cornaro chapel

• bernini

• baroque

• rome, italy

• stucco & gilt bronze, marble

angel w arquebus

• master of calamarca

• spanish colonies

• 17th century CE

• oil on canvas

las meninas

• velasquez

• baroque

• 1656 CE

• oil on canvas

woman holding a balance

• vermeer

• baroque

• 1664 CE

• oil on canvas

the palace at versailles

• le vau & hardouin

• baroque

• 1669 CE

• versailles, france

• masonry, stone, wood, iron, gold leaf; marble & bronze; gardens

screen w the siege of belgrade & hunting scene

• gonzalez family

• 1700 CE

• tempera & resin on wood, shell inlay

the virgin of guadalupe

• gonzalez

• spanish colonies

• 16th century CE

• basilica of guadalupe, mexico city

• oil on canvas on wood, inalid w mother of pearl

fruit & insects

• ruysch

• baroque

• 1711 CE

• oil on wood

spaniard & indian produce a mestizo

• juarez

• spanish colonies

• 1715 CE

• oil on canvas

the tete a tete, from marriage a la mode

• hogarth

• rococo

• 1743 CE

• oil on canvas

portrait of sor juana ines de la cruz

• cabrera

• spanish colonial/baroque

• 1750

• oil on canvas

a philosopher giving a lecture on the orrery

• wright of derby

• enlightenment

• 1765 CE

• oil on canvas

• figure’s faces represent phases of the moon

• tenebrism used as inspired by baroque

• audience has mixed group of middle class people of all ages and genders, show fascination

• orrery - diorama of solar system where sun is a light source (lamp in orrery)

• inspired by monthly meetings of lunar society, discussing scientific innocations