EQ2-why might regeneration be needed

what is a regeneration project

one that places a focus on constructing infrastructure, developing existing and new housing, encouraging

investment

how is infrastructure regeneration managed

• its very expensive so usually involves a public-private partnership

• the government provides the majority of the capital needed

• the private companies fufill and manage the plans

how would a local council want to improve infrastructure

they would aim to improve their boroughs to attract new businesses, increase housing and regenerate any problematic regions

how would the department of culture, media and sport want to improve infrastructure

they want large-scale projects which can be seen world wide, such as the 2012 Olympics

how would DEFRA want to improve infrastructure

• improve declining rural villages, protect eroding coastlines and improve the agricultural industry

example of an infrastructure regeneration project

The expansion of heathrow airport ( building a third runway) which will cost £20 billion (privately funded) but will produce 70,000 new jobs

benefits of infrastrcuture regeneration

• high volume of jobs created in both the construction and then employment

• can bring economic success by increasing travel and attracting TNCs

risks of infrastructure regeneration

• costs are not stable, as they are long term projects they often suffer from inflation or changing circumstances

• often not sustainable due to large volumes of concrete used (large CO₂ output)

why may housing regeneration be needed

a rising population

why is there housing ineuqality

• overseas investors buying property

• lack of accessible housing prices

• large numbers of derelict brownfield sites which are more expsinve to build on that greenfield sites

what frameworks have the government set out to increase housing

• increase housing building in suburbs

• varierty of house sizes to suit as many housing arrangements ( shared-ownership, rented, flats)

benefits of housing construction

• increases supply of housing which is a major issue un the uk

• construction jobs are made

risks of housing construction

• greenfield sites are more profitable to build on that brownfield sites, so habitats can be destroyed and green spaces are reduced

• the building of large estates often does not include the building of new services (grocers and doctors) which puts stress on existing services

what is the ‘trickle down theory’

• investors will spend money in services and local businesses

• the works then spend their increased disposable income

• shares increased revenue between multiple businesses

• both the investor and business pay more tax

• so the local council can spend more on services to benefit the local area

benefits of cultural regeneration

• most projects use brownfield lands so is sustainable

• celebration of different faiths'

• rising local reputation

risks of cultural regenertaion

• may not be long term

• may bringing rising social tension and conflict

why are rural areas some of the most deprived

due to the lack of opportunities for young people in education and employment, social isolation of minority groups and physical isolation from services and public transport.

rural regeneration example

Bronte Country

-rural villages with ties to English literature and heritage recieve large national and international tourists which can benefit local businesses (cafes, hotels) and local people (employment)

how many people visit Bronte Village per year

Visitor surveys indicate that over one million visitors a year come into the area

how did the 2016 Brexit vote show the need for regeneration in the north

In Redcar (yorkshire) 66% voted to leave as they felt a disconnect with the area they lived in

example of urban inequality

sink estates-deprived, curfews, tensions over autonomy

v

gated communities- cctv, tension due to segregation

rural inequality exmaple

declining rural settlements

v

commuter villages-investment in transport

what is the main problem of commuter villages

there is a decline in spending in services in the area because they people who live there use services elsewhere

how is age likely to affect engagement with regeneration

• working age people have different prioties and less time

how is ethnicity likely to affect engagement with regeneration

• certain communities may feel unwelcome in an area and therefore less willing to engage with the community

•  People are naturally gregarious and clusters of different diasporas are created. which will reduce the sort of ‘coming together’ of a community and the assimilation of community groups. 

how is gender likely to affect engagement with regeneration

• different prioritises, eg women safety

pros on social media in regeneration

• Easier for locals to share the concerns with the area (twitter)

• Local facebook groups, advertising local opportunities 

• Accessible mediums to highlight local efforts that are being made,

cons of social media in regeneration

• Middle aged/retired people are more likely to have the time to scroll social media

• town/parish council (dominated by the same people)

• using singular platforms, eg facebook, may create age segregation. People using facebook now will typically be a different demographic than people using snapchat or instagram

• The social illiterate are excluded from these contribution

• Groups that are too young and may not have their own devices for this

what is regeneration

 the process of improving and reversing the decline of an area by looking at all of the economic, social and environmental factors that could negatively affect the area and addressing these issues with long-term upgrades. 

why may a government get involved with regeneration

• funding

• governance and experiences

• securing investment

how do governments get involved in regenertaion

• Building infrastructure

• Planning and pace of the development, using their experience and wide range of employees

• Deregulation of financial markets and immigration 

exmaples of economic infrastructure

• Highways,energy grid, water, sewage and telecoms

exmaples of social infrastructure

• Public housing, hospitals, schools, community facilities, jobs

what is MHCLG

• ministry of housing, communities and local government

what is DEFRA

• department for environment, food and rural affairs

DCMS

• department for culture, media and sport

why are there concerns over continuity when governments get involved

there are so many departments that must have effective communication, and ensure that messages arent lost along the way

what is finanical deregulation

• the loosening of control of the market following the 1920s depression

• this coincided with the rise of e-commerce

• by 2008 banking and finance accounted for 30% GDP

why was finanical deregulation bad

blamed for the crash in 2008,

its a balance of the fact that the extra money made in the City Of London due to deregulation then allowed of the redevelopment of the Isle Of Dogs

why is an open immgration policy beneficial

• we get extra taxes and extra production

• lower skilled jobs are filled

• help with the uk’s ageing population

why is an open immigration policy risky

• Most refugees do not have the right to work in the UK and must rely on housing help and a weekly allowance of £36 per person. They are often housed in ‘hard to let’ properties in estates in Liverpool and Middlesbrough.