BIOL 371 Theme 1

crown group

Contains LCA of a living group of organisms and all of its descendants

Stem group

Extinct group which is more closely related to the crown group than the next clade

Cytoskeleton

Flexible, agile, structured to be support for other structures

Duplication of hox clusters results in more complexity

True

Eukaryotes have circular DNA

False

All plants have plastids (T/F)

False

Eukarya evolved from archaea (T/F)

True

Microfilaments are larger than microtubules (t/f)

False

Which kingdom are intermediate filaments found in?

Animals

What shape do flagella move in?

S-shaped wave

What shape do cilia move in?

Oar-like power stroke

Examples of microtubules (2, alphabetical)

Cilia and flagella

What is the mechanism of cilia and flagella (microtubules)?

Dynein arms gather microtubules together to create bends

Which cell organelles are exclusive to plants? (3, alphabetical)

Cell wall, central vacuole, plastids

Which cytoskeleton component do animals have which plants do not?

Intermediate filaments

What is the function of microfilaments (2, alphabetical)

Intracellular transport, muscle fibres

What is the main advantage of the endomembrane system?

Increases surface area

Which is not an advantage to increased surface area?

Higher rate of water loss

Hox genes are arranged in order of physical body position (T/F)

True

Gene expression depends on… (2, alphabetical)

space and time

Eukaryotes have 70s ribosomes (T/F)

false

Eukaryotes have larger ribosomes than prokaryotes (T/F)

true

Which statement is about mitochondria is incorrect?

mitochondria could function as their own cell

Chloroplasts evolved earlier than mitochondria (T/F)

false

what is an advantage of sexual reproduction?

greater genetic diversity

Mitochondrial absorption and endomembrane system evolution were independent events (T/F)

true

what is the main challenge of being large and multicellular?

smaller surface area to volume ratio

what are 3 main advantages of multicellularity? (alphabetical)

complexity, division of labour, increased size

multicellular life has evolved multiple times (T/F)

True

What is the most likely origin of multicellularity for animals?

colonial

colonial multicellularity

cells of same clade aggregate, develop specialized functions

syncytial multicellularity

nuclei divides during replication, cytoplasm does not, specialized parts develop

symbiotic multicellularity

cells with different genomes work together

What is the importance of the Great Oxygenation Event?

required for expensive, complex multicellular life

What is the main evidence for the Great Oxygenation Event?

the presence of iron oxide

First degree endosymbiosis

Eukaryotic cell engulfs cyanobacteria

Second degree endosymbiosis

Eukaryotic cell engulfs photosynthetic eukaryotic cell

Plant and animal lineages split after endosymbiosis with plastids (T/F)

False